Copy of Copy of CP World History Fall Semester Exam Review Guide Flashcards
What are the elements of a civilization?
Government, Economy, Religion(s), Social hierarchy, Shared language and culture, Arts and Architecture, Education, Philosophy
What factors contribute to the rise and fall of a civilization?
Cause and effect: Factors contributing to the rise include resources, trade, and social organization. Factors contributing to the fall include internal strife and external pressures.
What are the main empires studied in Unit 1?
Empires in Mesopotamia, The Hebrews and Origins of Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism, Powerful Empires Emerge in India, Strong Rulers Unite China, The Greek City-States, The Rise of Roman Civilization
Define Polytheism.
To believe in more than one god.
Define Monotheism.
To believe in one god.
What is a Monarchy?
A government ruled by a hereditary ruler, like a king or queen.
What is an Oligarchy?
A government in which a small group of wealthy and powerful people rule the country.
What is a Democracy?
A government in which citizens all vote directly on all legal matters.
What is a Republic?
A government in which citizens elect representatives to make the laws and rule the country.
What is Buddhism?
Ashoka converted to Buddhism after seeing the destruction caused by war and military expansion and believed in reincarnation.
What is Hinduism?
Supports a strict caste system that orders society from least important (the ‘untouchables’) to the most important (Brahmins) and believes in reincarnation.
What is Judaism?
The oldest monotheistic religion, beginning in Canaan in the Middle East.
What is Confucianism?
A philosophy based on five relationships: ruler-subject, teacher-student, husband-wife, parent-child, friend-friend.
What is a barter economy?
An economic system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another.
What is a money economy?
A system in which goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value.
What is Hammurabi’s Code of Law?
The law code-named after Hammurabi includes 282 laws written on a pillar, containing civil and criminal laws, and is the first law code in history.
What is a caste system?
A system where the social group you were born in is the one you stay in.
Who was Socrates?
An Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato.
Who was Plato?
A student of Socrates, an Athenian thinker and writer of philosophical dialogues, and the founder of the academy in Athens.
What are the gods of Olympus?
Religion shared by the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans.
What role does geography play in civilizations?
Geography impacts resources and location, influencing trade, agriculture, and defense.
What are the West African kingdoms?
Ghana, Mali, Songhai.
Who was Ibn Battuta?
A famous Muslim traveler and scholar.
What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?
pray 5 times per/day, charity, travel to mecca, fasting furing ramadan, declertaion of faith
Who was Muhammad?
The prophet and founder of Islam.
What is a caliphate?
A form of Islamic government led by a caliph, who is considered a political and religious successor to Muhammad.
What is the difference between Shiite and Sunni Muslims?
Shiite Muslims believe in the leadership of Ali and his descendants, while Sunni Muslims follow elected leaders.
What is the significance of Mansa Musa?
He was the king of Mali known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.
What were the major rivers of the Mauryan Empire?
Ganges, Narmada, Indus.
What was the Gupta Empire known for?
Known as the ‘Golden Age’ of India, with advancements in trade, literature, and science.
What is Legalism?
A strict philosophical approach in governance that emphasizes law and order.
What is Confucianism’s view on social hierarchy?
It emphasizes a hierarchical structure with defined roles and responsibilities.
What was the role of women in Sparta?
Women had more freedoms than in other Greek city-states, including property rights and physical training.
What characterized the Roman Empire’s economy?
Based on agriculture, trade, and slavery, with key products including grains, olive oil, and wine.
What was the Ottoman Empire known for?
Its control over Mediterranean trade and cultural achievements during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.
What was the significance of the Mali Empire?
It prospered due to its location near the Niger River, facilitating trade and agriculture.
What were the main goods included in trade?
Textiles, spices, and coffee.
What was the predominant religion in the region?
Islam, though it tolerated other faiths under the millet system.
What achievements flourished during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent?
Achievements in architecture, science, and literature.
What was the height of the Western African kingdom of Mali?
Circa 1500 AD.
Where was the Western African kingdom of Mali located?
In West Africa, near the Niger River.
Who was a notable king of Mali?
Mansa Musa, remembered for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.
What formed the backbone of Mali’s economy?
The gold and salt trade.
What was the dominant religion in Mali?
Islam, though traditional African beliefs persisted in rural areas.
What city became a center of Islamic learning in Mali?
Timbuktu.
What characterized the society in Mali?
A hierarchical society with nobility, traders, farmers, and enslaved people at the bottom.
Where was the Safavid Empire located?
In modern-day Iran, competing along the western border with the Ottomans.
What was the government structure of the Safavid Empire?
A monarchy led by Shahs with a central bureaucracy.
What was the state religion of the Safavid Empire?
Shiite Islam.
What was a major export of the Safavid Empire?
Persian carpets.
What cities were along the East coast of Africa?
Kilwa, Mombasa, Sofala, and Mogadishu.
What was the geography of the Mongol Empire?
Spanned from East Asia to Europe, covering vast steppes, deserts, and mountains.
Who ruled the Mongol Empire?
ghenghis khan.
What trade route did the Mongols facilitate?
The Silk Road.
What period allowed goods, ideas, and technologies to move across Eurasia?
Pax Mongolica.
What characterized the society of the Mongol Empire?
Diverse with a merit-based system.
What was a key cultural contribution of the Mongol Empire?
Practiced religious tolerance and promoted the exchange of ideas.
