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world history > Copy of Copy of CP World History Fall Semester Exam Review Guide > Flashcards

Copy of Copy of CP World History Fall Semester Exam Review Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the elements of a civilization?

A

Government, Economy, Religion(s), Social hierarchy, Shared language and culture, Arts and Architecture, Education, Philosophy

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2
Q

What factors contribute to the rise and fall of a civilization?

A

Cause and effect: Factors contributing to the rise include resources, trade, and social organization. Factors contributing to the fall include internal strife and external pressures.

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3
Q

What are the main empires studied in Unit 1?

A

Empires in Mesopotamia, The Hebrews and Origins of Judaism, Hinduism and Buddhism, Powerful Empires Emerge in India, Strong Rulers Unite China, The Greek City-States, The Rise of Roman Civilization

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4
Q

Define Polytheism.

A

To believe in more than one god.

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5
Q

Define Monotheism.

A

To believe in one god.

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6
Q

What is a Monarchy?

A

A government ruled by a hereditary ruler, like a king or queen.

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7
Q

What is an Oligarchy?

A

A government in which a small group of wealthy and powerful people rule the country.

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8
Q

What is a Democracy?

A

A government in which citizens all vote directly on all legal matters.

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9
Q

What is a Republic?

A

A government in which citizens elect representatives to make the laws and rule the country.

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10
Q

What is Buddhism?

A

Ashoka converted to Buddhism after seeing the destruction caused by war and military expansion and believed in reincarnation.

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11
Q

What is Hinduism?

A

Supports a strict caste system that orders society from least important (the ‘untouchables’) to the most important (Brahmins) and believes in reincarnation.

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12
Q

What is Judaism?

A

The oldest monotheistic religion, beginning in Canaan in the Middle East.

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13
Q

What is Confucianism?

A

A philosophy based on five relationships: ruler-subject, teacher-student, husband-wife, parent-child, friend-friend.

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14
Q

What is a barter economy?

A

An economic system in which one set of goods or services is exchanged for another.

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15
Q

What is a money economy?

A

A system in which goods or services are paid for through the exchange of a token of an agreed value.

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16
Q

What is Hammurabi’s Code of Law?

A

The law code-named after Hammurabi includes 282 laws written on a pillar, containing civil and criminal laws, and is the first law code in history.

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17
Q

What is a caste system?

A

A system where the social group you were born in is the one you stay in.

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18
Q

Who was Socrates?

A

An Athenian stonemason and philosopher who sought truth by questioning, as described in dialogues written by Plato.

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19
Q

Who was Plato?

A

A student of Socrates, an Athenian thinker and writer of philosophical dialogues, and the founder of the academy in Athens.

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20
Q

What are the gods of Olympus?

A

Religion shared by the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans.

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21
Q

What role does geography play in civilizations?

A

Geography impacts resources and location, influencing trade, agriculture, and defense.

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22
Q

What are the West African kingdoms?

A

Ghana, Mali, Songhai.

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23
Q

Who was Ibn Battuta?

A

A famous Muslim traveler and scholar.

24
Q

What are the 5 Pillars of Islam?

A

pray 5 times per/day, charity, travel to mecca, fasting furing ramadan, declertaion of faith

25
Q

Who was Muhammad?

A

The prophet and founder of Islam.

26
Q

What is a caliphate?

A

A form of Islamic government led by a caliph, who is considered a political and religious successor to Muhammad.

27
Q

What is the difference between Shiite and Sunni Muslims?

A

Shiite Muslims believe in the leadership of Ali and his descendants, while Sunni Muslims follow elected leaders.

28
Q

What is the significance of Mansa Musa?

A

He was the king of Mali known for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.

29
Q

What were the major rivers of the Mauryan Empire?

A

Ganges, Narmada, Indus.

30
Q

What was the Gupta Empire known for?

A

Known as the ‘Golden Age’ of India, with advancements in trade, literature, and science.

31
Q

What is Legalism?

A

A strict philosophical approach in governance that emphasizes law and order.

32
Q

What is Confucianism’s view on social hierarchy?

A

It emphasizes a hierarchical structure with defined roles and responsibilities.

33
Q

What was the role of women in Sparta?

A

Women had more freedoms than in other Greek city-states, including property rights and physical training.

34
Q

What characterized the Roman Empire’s economy?

A

Based on agriculture, trade, and slavery, with key products including grains, olive oil, and wine.

35
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire known for?

A

Its control over Mediterranean trade and cultural achievements during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent.

36
Q

What was the significance of the Mali Empire?

A

It prospered due to its location near the Niger River, facilitating trade and agriculture.

37
Q

What were the main goods included in trade?

A

Textiles, spices, and coffee.

38
Q

What was the predominant religion in the region?

A

Islam, though it tolerated other faiths under the millet system.

39
Q

What achievements flourished during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent?

A

Achievements in architecture, science, and literature.

40
Q

What was the height of the Western African kingdom of Mali?

A

Circa 1500 AD.

41
Q

Where was the Western African kingdom of Mali located?

A

In West Africa, near the Niger River.

42
Q

Who was a notable king of Mali?

A

Mansa Musa, remembered for his wealth and pilgrimage to Mecca.

43
Q

What formed the backbone of Mali’s economy?

A

The gold and salt trade.

44
Q

What was the dominant religion in Mali?

A

Islam, though traditional African beliefs persisted in rural areas.

45
Q

What city became a center of Islamic learning in Mali?

A

Timbuktu.

46
Q

What characterized the society in Mali?

A

A hierarchical society with nobility, traders, farmers, and enslaved people at the bottom.

47
Q

Where was the Safavid Empire located?

A

In modern-day Iran, competing along the western border with the Ottomans.

48
Q

What was the government structure of the Safavid Empire?

A

A monarchy led by Shahs with a central bureaucracy.

49
Q

What was the state religion of the Safavid Empire?

A

Shiite Islam.

50
Q

What was a major export of the Safavid Empire?

A

Persian carpets.

51
Q

What cities were along the East coast of Africa?

A

Kilwa, Mombasa, Sofala, and Mogadishu.

52
Q

What was the geography of the Mongol Empire?

A

Spanned from East Asia to Europe, covering vast steppes, deserts, and mountains.

53
Q

Who ruled the Mongol Empire?

A

ghenghis khan.

54
Q

What trade route did the Mongols facilitate?

A

The Silk Road.

55
Q

What period allowed goods, ideas, and technologies to move across Eurasia?

A

Pax Mongolica.

56
Q

What characterized the society of the Mongol Empire?

A

Diverse with a merit-based system.

57
Q

What was a key cultural contribution of the Mongol Empire?

A

Practiced religious tolerance and promoted the exchange of ideas.

world history (2 decks)

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