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IPE > (Copy of Anna's) IPE Week 8 > Flashcards

(Copy of Anna's) IPE Week 8 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is global governance necessary?

  1. a.
    b.
    c.
    d.
    e.
    f.
    g.

2.

A
  1. The world faces threats & challenges that no single country can handle alone, such as:
    a. terrorism
    b. proliferation of weapons of mass destruction (WMDs)
    c. environmental degradation
    d. natural disasters
    e. humanitarian crises
    f. transnational crimes
    g. pandemics/epidemics.
  2. No world government exists to coordinate and facilitate cooperation among all actors to address these issues, hence the need for global governance.
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2
Q

How is the world governed in the absence of a world government?

a.
b.
c.
d.

A

States often make agreements with each other to modify their behavior, aiming to make the global system less chaotic and more predictable. Such as:
a. treaties
b. conventions
c. customary practices
d. general principles of law.

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3
Q

What is international law?

3.

A
  1. Collection of rules & regulations that define the rights & obligations of states.
  2. Its sources include treaties, customary practices, legal writings, judicial decisions, and general principles of law.
  3. There are international norms or soft law, which are standards of behavior not legally binding but influential, such as human rights conventions and climate change agreements.
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4
Q

Examples of international treaties?

A
  1. United Nations Charter (1945) - Created the United Nations.
  2. General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (1947) - Reduced tariffs and boosted trade.
  3. Rome Statute (1988) - Established the International Criminal Court.
  4. Kyoto Protocol (2005) - Regulates greenhouse emissions to reduce global warming.
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5
Q

What are some key actors in global governance?

  5. 6.
A
  1. States
  2. Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)
  3. Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
  4. Experts
  5. Global Policy Networks
  6. Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
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6
Q

What are Intergovernmental Organizations (IGOs)?

  1. Definition
  2. Functions
    a.
    b.
    c.
    d.
    e.
    f.
  3. Examples

a.
b.
c.

A
  1. Entities created by treaty involving two or more nation-states
  2. Various functions such as:
    a. informational
    b. forum for exchanges & decision-making
    c. normative
    d. rule-creating
    e. rule-supervisory
    f. operational
  3. a. United Nations (UN) - global org

b. European Union (EU) - regional org

c. International Labour Organization (ILO) - specialized org

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7
Q

Role of International organizations:

United Nations (UN) system

A

Comprises a range of specialised agencies, programmes, & funds that work on issues such as health, education, climate change, and peace and security

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8
Q

Role of International organizations:

World Trade Organization (WTO)

A

Sets rules for international trade and resolves disputes between member countries

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9
Q

Role of International organizations:

International Monetary Fund (IMF)

A

Provides financial assistance to countries facing economic crises and promotes international monetary co-operation

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10
Q

Non-governmental Organization (NGO):

  1. Definition
  2. Functions:
    a.

b.

A
  1. Any organization not established by government agreement (can be organized at a local, national or international level
  2. a. Advocate for a particular cause, such as human rights, peace, or environmental protection

b. Providing services such as disaster relief, humanitarian aid

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11
Q

Multinational Corporations (MNCs):

  1. Definition:
  2. Functions:
A
  1. corporations that are registered and operate in more than one country at a time. They play significant roles in shaping the global economy
  2. Participate in the creation of rules and policies that affects their operations even in areas that were mainly the responsibilities of the state e.g. Montreal Protocol - carbon emissions
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12
Q

Global Governance definition:
1. Def
2. Encompasses
3. Objective

A
  1. Can be understood as a framework of institutions, rules, laws, norms, and procedures that facilitate collective action and co-operation among states and other actors, such as individuals, MNCs, intergovernmental and non-governmental organizations
  2. Encompasses a wide range of issues, including economic development, trade, human rights, environmental protection, and peace and security
  3. The objective is to address global challenges that transcend national borders and require collective solutions.
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13
Q

What are some challenges to global governance?

  2. 3.
A
  1. Institutional gridlock/stalemate
  2. Complex problems requiring multi-state action
  3. a lack of consensus
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14
Q

Challenges to the existing liberal international order:

  1. 2.
    3.
A
  1. Rise of new identity politics
  2. Protest movements
  3. The retreat of economic globalization
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15
Q

What is the liberal international/world order?

  1. Emerged…
  2. Promotes…
  3. Originated…
A
  1. Emerged post-World War II & is governed by a set of rules, norms, institutions, and structures that shape the behavior of nation-states
  2. Promotes values such as democracy, free markets, and human rights
  3. Originated from the establishment of institutions like the United Nations, the Bretton Woods Institutions, and various specialized agencies of the UN.
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16
Q

Liberal Order Values:

  1. E
  2. M
  3. F
A
  1. Equality and freedom
  2. More peaceful and secure order in accordance with the dominant traditions and norms of liberalism
  3. Foster a common ground for development (free market)
17
Q

The liberal order and globalisation:

  1. Liberalism….
  2. New modes…
  3. Information…
A
  1. Liberalism provided an institutional core under which globalisation thrived, and globalisation has been a key driver of the order.
  2. New modes of social identity: the rise in social media, online platforms, consumption patterns, social networks, online dating, etc.
  3. Information flow and communications evolution have been integral components of globalisation.
18
Q

Give 2 definitions of Globalisation:

  1. Rosamond, 1999
  2. McCraw, 2005
A
  1. (Rosamond, 1999) - “variations in interaction and communication, integration of markets, transport, finance etc.”
  2. (McCraw, 2005) - “intensification of global interconnectedness, which has multiple linkages-flow and movement of people, pollutants, crime, services, knowledge, beliefs, goods, images, capital, and fashion across borders”
19
Q

Pro-globalization perspectives:
1. Resulted…

  1. Facilitates….
  2. Creation of….
A
  1. Resulted in increased interconnectivity
  2. Facilitates financial flows and business transaction
  3. Creation of opportunities for both economic and technological development
20
Q

Anti-globalisation perspective:

  1. Benefits…
  2. Will not…
  3. Highlights persistent…
A
  1. Benefits of globalisation among nations are unequal
  2. Will not deliver equitable economic development
  3. Highlights persistent inequality in the contemporary international capitalist order, stressing that in terms of wealth creation, income and life expectancy, a large number are excluded from the benefits of the present order.
21
Q

What are some criticisms of the liberal order?

4.

A
  1. Its perceived Western bias
  2. Selective application of norms
  3. Failure to address inequality and inequities in global systems
  4. The rise of new identity politics, protest movements, and protectionism challenges the ideals of the liberal order.

IPE (6 decks)

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