COPD Management Flashcards
What are common symptoms of respiratory distress?
Increased dyspnoea, sputum production, fever, angina, palpitations, haemoptysis
Dyspnoea severity and sputum purulence/colour are key indicators.
Name two bacterial infections that can trigger respiratory issues.
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
These are common pathogens associated with respiratory infections.
What are common viral triggers for respiratory distress?
- Rhinovirus
- Influenza
- RSV
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is particularly important in children.
What vaccinations can help prevent respiratory infections?
- Influenza
- Covid
- Pneumococcal
Vaccination is crucial for at-risk populations.
What medications are typically used in respiratory distress?
- Inhalers
- Steroids
- Home O2
These medications help manage symptoms and improve oxygenation.
What is a key sign of chronic COPD during respiratory examination?
- (Central) cyanosis
- Intercostal indrawing
- Hoover sign (Inward movement of the lower rib cage during inspiration)
- Harrison’s sulcus (Sign of hyperinflation)
What does dullness on percussion indicate?
Consolidation, lobar collapse, pleural effusion
Dullness suggests fluid or solid material in the lung.
What investigations are commonly performed in respiratory distress?
What does a low pH in ABG suggest?
Hypercapnia and insufficient ventilation
This is associated with type 2 respiratory failure.
What is the first-line treatment for acute respiratory distress?
High-dose nebulised SABA (e.g. salbutamol 5 mg)
2nd line: (inadequate response to nebulised salbutamol): ipratropium bromide 0.5 mg via the same nebuliser
What is the recommended oral corticosteroid for patients with IE-COPD?
Prednisolone 30 mg OD for 5 days
This is in accordance with NICE guidelines.
When should antibiotics be prescribed for COPD exacerbations?
Increased purulent sputum or features of pneumonia
Features include fever, raised inflammatory markers, and consolidation on CXR.
What are indications for long-term oxygen therapy?
Aiming for sats 88-92%
* pO2 <7.3 kPa
* pO2 7.3-8.0 kPa with secondary polycythaemia, peripheral oedema, or pulmonary HTN
Smoking is a contraindication due to fire risk.
What is the purpose of chest physiotherapy in respiratory distress?
To improve lung function and clear secretions
It is an important adjunct to medical therapy.
Fill in the blank: The sign of hyperinflation on CXR includes a _______.
Flattened diaphragm
Other signs include hyperlucent lungs and visibility of ribs above the diaphragm.
