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Cvr > COPD Drug Trial > Flashcards

COPD Drug Trial Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference in the affected site between asthma and COPD?

A

Asthma - Small and large airways

COPD - Airways and Lungs

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2
Q

Which respiratory condition would you expect to see airways hyper-responsiveness?

A

Asthma

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3
Q

Which inflammatory cells would be raised in a patient with asthma?

A

Eosinophils, mast cells and Th2 Lymphocytes

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4
Q

Which inflammatory cells would be raised in a patient with COPD?

A

Neutrophils, macrophages and Th1 lymphocytes

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5
Q

What treatments can be used for asthma, but not for COPD?

A

bronchodilators and corticosteroids

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6
Q

What are the mediators of Asthma?

A

IL-4, IL-5 and cysLTs

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7
Q

what are the mediators in COPD?

A

TNF-Alpha, IL-8 and LTB4

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8
Q

What are typical changes seen in the airways of asthma patients?

A

Mucus plugs and epithelium in folds dur to airway constriction

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9
Q

Which are the most commonly affected airways with asthma?

A

bronchi and bronchioles

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10
Q

which part of the airways becomes most inflamed in asthma?

A

The conducting zone

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11
Q

What happens to the smooth muscle of the airways during an asthma attack?

A

It contracts resulting in a narrow airway and thus limited airflow

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12
Q

Which layer of the airways becomes thickened in asthma?

A

reticularis lamina

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13
Q

What happens to the number of mucus glands in asthma patients?

A

They increase therefore more mucus is secreted

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14
Q

What are the three pathological features seen in COPD?

A

Chronic bronchitis - mucus hypersecretion
Small Airway disease
Emphysema

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15
Q

What is a small airway classified as?

A

Less than 2nm

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16
Q

What happens to goblet cells in COPD/

A

They undergo hyperplasia so more mucus is secreted

17
Q

What is chronic bronchiolitis known as?

A

Small Airway Disease

18
Q

How does smoking affect decline the lung function?

A

Lung function decline is much faster is smokers, and does not return to a normal point upon smoking cessation

19
Q

What is emphysema?

A

A breakdown of lung parenchyma

20
Q

What happens o alveolar attachments in COPD?

A

They breakdown

21
Q

Why do bronchoconstrictors have no effect on COPD?

A

The constriction is caused by fibrosis not smooth muscle contraction

22
Q

How does smoking effect COPD?

A

Cigarette smoke triggers the release of alveolar macrophages
These release neutrophils which produce oxidants
This results in the production of proteases like neutrophil elastase and matrix metallo proteinases which result in alveolar destruction and mucus hypersecretion

23
Q

What drug is in development for COPD?

A

protease inhibitors

24
Q

What is a requirement for patients of a drug trial for COPD?

A

they only have COPD, no other co-morbidities

25
Q

What makes trialling COPD drugs challenging?

A

They require long time periods as decline over many years has to be watched

Cvr (13 decks)

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