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Clinical Correlates (Biochem) > COPD (ClinCon) > Flashcards

COPD (ClinCon) Flashcards

1
Q

Chief complaint in the case

A

Dyspnea

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2
Q

Age and gender of patient in the case

A

60 y/o male

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3
Q

Medical History

A
  • frequent Pneumonitis
  • controlled hypertension
  • no known allergies
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4
Q

How many packs of cigarettes he consumed in a year?

A

130 packs

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5
Q

In social and family history of the patient, which of his relatives has emphysema

A

Father

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6
Q

Inflammatory cells found in COPD

A

Neutrophil
CD 8+
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

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7
Q

Which is reversible? Asthma or COPD?

A

Asthma

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8
Q

True or False

Pursed lip breathing occurs in emphysema not in chronic bronchitis

A

True

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9
Q

Known as pink puffer

A

Emphysema

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10
Q

Aka blue bloater

A

Chronic bronchitis

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11
Q

Characterized by mild dyspnea, copious sputum, frequent infections, hypercapnia and hypoxemia

A

COPD

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12
Q

Final Diagnosis of the case

A

Emphysema

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13
Q

What part of the lungs gas exchange occurs?

A

Alveolar sacs

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14
Q

Pulmonary function test shows decreased maximal airflow rates during forced expiration

A

Obstructive dse

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15
Q

Increase resistance to airflow from trachea and larger bronchi to terminal and respiratory bronchioles

A

Obstructive dse

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16
Q

Most commonly known genetic risk factor for emphysema

A

Alpha 1 antitrypsin

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17
Q

Characterized by irregular irreversible enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchiole and destruction of walls without obvious fibrosis

A

Emphysema

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18
Q

Type of emphysema where acini are uniformly enlarged from the level of respiratory bronchiole to the terminal alveoli. Associated with alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency

A

Panacinar

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19
Q

Type of emphysema where proximal portion of the acinus is normal, distal part is predominantly involves. Probably underlies cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in young adults

A

Paraseptal

20
Q

Type of emphysema which is often associated with chronic bronchitis

A

Centriacinar

21
Q

Type of emphysema which is almost invariably associated with scarring

A

Irregular

22
Q

Characteristics of centriacinar emphysema

A

Distal alveoli are sparred

Central or proximal part of acini are affected

23
Q

What type of emphysema is predominantly seen on heavy smokers?

A

Centriacinar

24
Q

Principal source of cellular protease

A

Neutrophils

25
Q

When can we call that the xray findings is only emphysema?

A

When hyperinflation is associated with blebs and paucity of vascular markings in the outer third of the film?

26
Q

Goals of COPD management

A

Improve current control
Relieve symptoms
Improve exercise tolerance
Improve health status

27
Q

Defined clinically as persistent cough with sputum production for least 3 mos in at least 2 consecutive years, in the absence of any other identifiable cause.

A

Chronic bronchitis

28
Q

Earliest feature of chronic bronchitis

A

Mucus hypersecretion

29
Q

What are the recurrent episodes of asthma?

A
  • wheezing
  • breathlessness
  • chest tightness
  • cough
30
Q

Type of infection associated with bronchiectasis

A

Chronic necrotizing infection

31
Q

Permanent dilatation of bronchi and bronchioles caused by destruction of muscle and supporting elastic tissue

A

Bronchiectasis

32
Q

Two processes that are crucial and intertwined in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis

A

Obstruction and chronic persistent infection

33
Q

Type of study in COPD

A

Comparative study (qualitative)

34
Q

What is the hypothesis of the study?

A

Age should not be a barrier to the benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD

35
Q

Program duration of the study

A

8 weeks

36
Q

What is patient distribution in group a and group b?

A 
Group a (below 70) - 202
Group b (>70) - 122
37
Q

True or False

There is significant difference in PR in outcomes between Group A and group B using absolute values

A

False: no significance

38
Q

True or False

The study suggests that benefits of PR in COPD ate not age dependent

A

True

39
Q

Explains the effect of cigarette smoking in the production of centriacinar emphysema

A

Protease-antiprotease hypothesis

40
Q

Three risk factors of COPD

A
  • smoking
  • environmental
  • occupational
41
Q

Prevalence of COPD in the philippines

A

14% (age 40 and above)

42
Q

Two types of COPD often co exist

A

Emphysema and chronic bronchitis

43
Q

Characterized by barrel chest

A

Emphysema

44
Q

COPD type B

A

Chronic bronchitis

45
Q

Examples of inflammatory mediators seen in chronic bronchitis

A

Histamine and IL-13

46
Q

What drug was given to the patient?

A

Salbutamol + ipatropium bromide nebule

Clinical Correlates (Biochem) (4 decks)

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