COPD & Bronchiectasis Flashcards
A preventable & treatable slowly progressive respiratory disease of airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma or both.
COPD
The parenchyma includes any form of lung tissue which includes:
Bronchioles
Bronchi
Blood vessels
Interstitium
Alveoli
The airflow limitation or obstruction in COPD is not fully _________
reversible
It is considered a distinct separate disorder and is classified as an abnormal airway condition characterized by _______________
Asthma, reversible inflammation
Signs and symptoms of COPD
Shortness of breath especially during physical activities
Wheezing
Chest tightness
A chronic cough that may produce mucus (sputum) that may be clear, white, yellow or greenish.
Frequent respiratory infections
lack of energy
Unintended weight loss (later stages )
The two most common conditions that contribute to COPD
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from the air sacs (alveoli) of the lungs
Chronic Bronchitis
It is characterized by daily cough and mucus (sputum) production.
Chronic Bronchitis
A condition in which the alveoli at the end of the smallest air passages (bronchioles) of the lungs are destroyed as a result of damaging exposure to cigarette smoke and other irritating gases.
Emphysema
A pathologic term that describes an abnormal distention of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the walls of the alveoli.
Emphysema
One of the complications of emphysema
Cor Pulmonale
3 primary symptoms of COPD
Chronic cough
Sputum production
Dyspnea
Grade I
Grade II or III
Grade III or IV
mild
moderate or severe
severe or very severe
It relieve bronchospasm by improving the expiratory flow through widening of the airways and promoting lung emptying with each breath
Bronchodilators
Other medications for COPD
Augmentin therapy
Antibiotic agents
Mucolytic agents
Vasodilators and opioids
A chronic, irreversible dilation of the bronchi and bronchioles results from destruction of muscles and elastic connective tissue.
Bronchiectasis
Clinical Manifestations of Bronchiectasis
Chronic cough
Production of purulent sputum in copious amounts.
Hemoptysis
Clubbing of the fingers
Repeated episodes of pulmonary infection
A definite sign is a prolonged history of _______________ with sputum consistently negative of tubercle bacilli.
productive, chronic cough
Dx for bronchiectasis is established by CT scan which reveals ___________
bronchial dilation
Medical management for bronchiectasis
Chest physiotherapy
Antibiotics
A heterogenous disease, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation
Asthma
Asthma symptoms:
Cough
Chest tightness
Wheezing
Dyspnea
3 most common symptoms for asthma
Cough
Dyspnea
Wheezing
Complications of asthma
status asthmaticus
respiratory failure
pneumonia
atelectasis
Airway obstruction
