COPD Flashcards
What is COPD?
condition that makes it harder to breathe due to damage airway and destruction of lung tissue
Diagnosis
FEV1 lower than 80% predicted
FEV1/FVC lower than 70%
FEV1 stand for
forced expiratory volume in 1 sec
Risk factors
Tobacco Genetics Cannabis Pollutants Sex Age Socio economic
4 stages chronic bronchitis
cilia decrease in size and motility
squamous hyperplasia
subendothelial growth
increase secretion rate submucosal rate
Stages emphysema
immune response to pollutants reactive oxygen species produced stimulates macrophages macrophages release cytokines Il 1,6,8 and TNF alpha also get anti protease= cause increase protease e.g. elastase= breaks down elastin Matrix metalloprotease= decrease CSA increase fibroblast and scar tissue endothelium dysfunction polycythaemia
polycythaemia
increase RBC
dynamic hyperinflation is…?
lungs expand due to impaired ability to empty lungs
Cost of breathing for COPD compared to healthy
40% for COPD compared 10-15% HEALTHY
effects COPD on lungs
increase TLC increase residual volume decrease FEV1 decrease FVC decrease peak flow rate decrease chest wall compliance increase inspiratory reserve
Tachypnoea
rapid breathing
effects of moderate activity on hospital admission and risk death
decrease risk death by 27%
decrease hospital admin 40%
skeletal muscle dysfunction
decrease strength and CSA
decrease GLut 4
decrease MCT4
increase type 2
Why get muscle dysfunction?
steroids = not anabolic hypoxia decrease CSA hypercapnia oxidative stress malnutrtion
what % COPD patients malnutrtioned?
35%
