COPD Flashcards
What are the types of COPD?
- Asthma
- Bronchitis
- Emphysema
- Bronchiectasis
- Bronchiolitis
What is inflamation of the large airways?
bronchitis
What are the causes of bronchitis?
- smoking
- air pollution
- allergies
- occupational hazards
What are the symptoms of bronchitis?
- Cough
- Mucus production
- bacterial infection
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing
- May be cyanotic in severe cases
What does this x-ray illustrate?
bronchitis
How do you treat bronchitis? (4)
- Minimize inflammation with short-term steroid therapy.
- Bronchodilators using Albuterol inhalation.
- Hydration
- Antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present.
What is the most common lung disease?
Emphysema
What causes lung destruction of the terminal bronchioles on down to the alveoli?
emphysema
What does emphysema cause to happen to the airways?
Slowly and irreversibly destroys the elastic fibers that hold open the the small airways.
What are the causes of emphsema?
- Smoking is the most common cause.
- Some of the causes of bronchitis may also lead to emphysema.
What are the symptoms of emphysema?
Shortness of breath
Impaired ability to exhale
What is the treatment for emphysema?
- Short acting bronchodilators, both B2 (Albuterol) and anticholinergic (Atrovent)
- Long acting anticholinergic bronchodilators (Spiriva)
- Inhaled corticosteroids usually are combined with long acting bronchodilator (Advair)
- Oral steroids (Prednisone)
- Antibiotics
- Oxygen in end stage
- Lung reduction surgery if patient has large regions of over distention and poorly functioning lung tissue.
What is:
- the swelling and mucus build up in the bronchioles due to a virus infection
- seen in children < 2 y/o
- has a seasonal pattern, usually in the fall and spring
bronchiolitis
What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis?
Shortness of breath
Cough
Wheezing
What is the treatment for bronchiolitis?
Antibiotics to treat recurrent infections
Hydration
Chest physical therapy
Steroid therapy
Bronchodilators
What is the:
- Destruction and widening of large airways that become easily collapsible.
- Can begin in early childhood.
bronchiectasis
What are the causes of bronchiectasis?
- Recurrent infections and inflamation
- Cystic Fibrosis causes about ½ the cases
- Tuberculosis can show signs of this as well
What are the symptoms of bronchiectasis?
- Shortness of breath
- Cyanosis
- Breath odor
- Chronic cough with large amounts of foul smelling sputum
- Finger clubbing
What does this image depict?
bronchiectasis
What does this CXR depict?
bronchiectasis
What are the treatments for bronchiectasis?
- Hydration
- Antibiotics if there is a secondary infection.
- Antiviral drugs such as Rebetol in sever cases.
- If hospitalization is needed, humidified oxygen and IV fluids for hydration.
What type of COPD:
decreased airway lumen due to mucus/inflammation
marked decrease in PaO2
marked increase in PaCO2
increased hematocrit
marked cor pulmonale
prognosis is poor
chronic bronchitis