COPD

Question 1

is a preventable and treatable slowly progressive respiratory disease of airflow obstruction involving the airways, pulmonary parenchyma, or both.

Answer 1

COPD

Question 2

Includes any form of lung tissue, including bronchioles, bronchi, blood vessels, interstitium, and alveoli

Answer 2

Parenchyma

Question 3

T/F The airflow limitation or obstruction in COPD is fully reversible

Answer 3

F (not fully reversible)

Question 4

The two distinct disease process

Answer 4

Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

Question 5

An inflammatory response occurs throughout

Answer 5

Proximal and peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, pulmonary vasculature.

Question 6

Proximal airway

Answer 6

Trachea and bronchi greater than 2 mm in diameter

Question 7

Peripheral airway

Answer 7

Bronchioles less than 2 mm diameter.

Question 8

Disease of the airways, defined as the presence of cough and sputum production for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years.

Answer 8

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 9

Impaired oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange results from destruction of the walls of overdistended alveoli.

Answer 9

Emphysema

Question 10

Abnormal distention of the airspaces beyond the terminal bronchioles and destruction of the walls of the alveoli.

Answer 10

Emphysema

Question 11

One of the complications of emphysema

Answer 11

right sided heart failure brought on by long term high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries.

Question 12

Two main types of emphysema

Answer 12

Panlobular (Panacinar) and Centrilobular (centroacinar)

Question 13

Destruction of the respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, and alveolus.

Answer 13

Panlobular (Panacinar)

Question 14

Risk Factors for COPD

Answer 14

-Environmental exposures
-Host factors
-Smoking

Question 15

Environmental risk factors

Answer 15

-Smoking
-marijuana
-Secondhand smoke
-prolonged and intense exposure to occupational dusts and chemicals
-indoor air pollution
-outdoor air pollution

Question 16

an enzyme inhibitor that protects the lung parenchyma from injury.

Answer 16

Alpha 1-antitrypsin

Question 17

3 primary symptoms

Answer 17

chronic cough, sputum production, and dyspnea

Question 18

Assessment and Diagnosis for COPD

Answer 18

-Spirometry
-Arterial blood gas
-Chest X-ray
-Screening for alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency
-Pulmonary function tests

Question 19

Key factors in determining the diagnosis

Answer 19

-Patient’s history
-severity of symptoms
-responsiveness to bronchodilators
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Question 20

The acuity of the onset and the severity of respiratory failure depend on:

Answer 20

-baseline pulmonary function
-pulse oximetry
-arterial blood gas values
-comorbid conditions
-severity of other complications of COPD

Question 21

Medical Management

Answer 21

-Promoting smoking cessation
-Providing supplemental oxygen therapy as indicated
-Prescribing medications & managing exacerbations

Question 22

Administration of oxygen at a concentration greater than that found in the environmental atmosphere.

Answer 22

Oxygen therapy

Question 23

Nursing Management of COPD

Answer 23

-Assessing the patient
-Achieving airway clearance
-Chest Physiotherapy
-Increased Fluid Intake
-Improving breathing pattern

Question 24

Cognitive Changes of COPD

Answer 24

-Personality
-Behavioral changes
-Memory impairment
-Increasing dyspnea
-Tachypnea
-Tachycardia

Question 25

Is a heterogenous diseases, usually characterized by chronic airway inflammation

Answer 25

Asthma