COPD Flashcards
(43 cards)
most common sx of dyspnea
emphysema
accessory muscle use is more common with which type of COPD
emphysema
what part of respiration is prolonged with COPD
expiration
4 signs of hyperinflation and which copd is it seen in
seen in emphysema d/t air trapping
* flattened diaphragm
* increased AP diameter
* decreased vascular markings
* bullae or blebs
pursued lip breathing is associated with…
emphysema
which type is cyanotic and has peripheral edema
chronic bronchitis
which type is crackles/rales, rhonci and wheezing associated with
chronic bronchitis
which type will have increased Hg, hematocrit/RBC
chronic bronchitis
why is there increased Hg?
d/t hypoxia stimulating erythropoeisis
V/Q findings in emphysema vs chronic bronchitis
- matched in emphysema d/t hyperventilation
- severe mismatch in chronic bronchitis; also hypercapnia
what does the presence of bullae on CXR signify?
airspace loss
define chronic bronchitis
chronic productive cough for at least 3 months a year for 2 consecutive years
3 cardinal sx of chronic bronchitis (from PPP)
chronic cough
sputum production
dyspnea (on exertion)
most common type of emphysema (found on CT)
centrilobar/proximal acinar
pathophys of emphysema (5 steps)
- chronic inflammation
- less protective enzymes & more damaging ones
- alveolar-capillary membrane destruction
- loss of recoil & airway collapse; increased compliance
- airway obstruction/increased air trapping
weight loss is seen more in which one? why?
emphysema d/t inflammation and increased WOB
signs that COPD is d/t AAT deficiency (3)
- panacinar emphysema on CT
- hepatomegaly
- cirrhosis
ABG finding (1)
respiratory acidosis
4 PFT findings indicative of COPD
- low FEV1
- low or normal FVC
- low FEV1/FVC ratio
- increased RV and TLC
DLCO finding in emphysema vs chronic bronchitis
- emphysema will be reduced d/t membrane destruction
- somewhat normal in chronic bronchitis
pathophys of chronic bronchitis (4 steps)
- chronic inflammation
- mucous gland hyperplasia & mucus hypersecretion
- cilia dmaged
- neutrophils & CD8+ T cell infiltration
pulmonary HTN, cor pulmonale and multifocal atrial tachy. is associated with…
chronic bronchitis
3 signs of acute COPD exacerbation (need at least 1 of)
- cough increase
- sputum increase/changes
- dyspnnea increases
group that would benefit the MOST from pulmonary rehab
FEV1 under 50%