Copd

Question 1

Smoking is the main cause of copd

Answer 1

Also with dust , silica , air pollution

Question 2

Genetic cause of copd can be

Answer 2

Alpha 1 antitrepsin auotosomal dominant

Question 3

Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Answer 3

Are the main pathologies that happen in the lung during copd

Question 4

Chronic bronchitis

Answer 4

Mucous build up

Question 5

In the normal lung bronchi there is mucosa glands that secrets mucous to trap up some pathogens and to keep the air way moist

Answer 5

But in chronic bronchitis the mucous secretion increased significantly

Question 6

Which causes narrowing of the air way

Answer 6

Hypertrophic and hyperplasia of the mucous gland

Question 7

And all those changes in secretion is because

Answer 7

The contact with all these irritants , the smoke , the dust the silica the pollutants

Question 8

The more secretion of those glands is to protect the air way from all the irritations

Answer 8

Hypertrophic of the gland: gets bigger to secret more mucous
Hyperplasia of the glands : makes more of them to secret more

Question 9

Classic sings of the mucous gland

Answer 9

Hypertrophic and hyperplasia

Question 10

Goblet cells the same as the mucous glands

Answer 10

Ciliary dysfunction because of the increased secretion of the mucous which press the cillia and cause dysfunction of them

Question 11

Less o2 coming in and less co2 coming out

Answer 11

Air trapping because the mucous plugs

Question 12

More co2 is inside the air way because of the mucous plugs

Answer 12

Hypoxemia and hypercapnia

Question 13

Increased risk of pneumonia h.flu,

Answer 13

Because of mucous bullied up-can lead to those pathogens to feed in that area and lead to infection

Question 14

Shortening of the cillia and destroy the cilia and decrease number of the cillia which will lead to plugs the plugs can lead to air trapping with hypoxemia and hypercapnia

Question 15

Emphysema

Answer 15

Increased macrophages phagocytosis with increased inflammatory cytokines with increased number of macrophages and neutrophils which will release a-lot if protease which will increase the elastase

Question 16

The elastase will break down the elastic tissue

Answer 16

So our lung will lose the ability to recoil so we will have trapping of the air inside our lungs 🫁