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Flash Cards Biology > Coordination and Response > Flashcards

Coordination and Response Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

There are 2 Central Nervous Systems (CNS). Mention both of them.

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

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2
Q

Reflex Arc uses CNS, but which one?

A

Spinal Cord

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3
Q

What are synapses?

A

A junction between neurons

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4
Q

What form does the information travel in neurons?

A

Electrical Impulse or Chemical Energy

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5
Q

Our body communicates with two systems. Mention both of them.

A

Nervous system & Endocrine system

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6
Q

In neurons, there is an axon that is covered by…

A

Myelin Sheath

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7
Q

Where is the location of the cell body in the sensory neuron and motor neuron?

A

Sensory neuron in the middle, motor neuron in the end of the neuron

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8
Q

Which neurons receive information from the receptors?

A

Sensory neuron

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9
Q

Which neurons give an effect or act?

A

Motor neuron

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10
Q

What are the branches in the cell body of the neuron cell?

A

Dendrites

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11
Q

what is the function of the central nervous system?

A

It takes sensory information (from sensory neurons), and sends out orders to the rest of the body (by motor neurons

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12
Q

What causes a noticeable change in an organism’s environment?

A

stimuli/stimulus

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13
Q

Physical injuries, like a major car accident, can be very dangerous to nervous system health. How?

A

damaged nerves cannot send or receive signals

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14
Q

What are the effectors of the nervous system?

A

muscles and glands

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15
Q

What do motor neurons do?

A

They send signals from the CNS to the muscles to make them move.

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16
Q

What does the brain do with sensory information?

A

The brain processes the information and decides how to respond.

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17
Q

Where are impulses sent to, from the sensory neuron?

A

spinal cord

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18
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment

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19
Q

what is the function of dendrites?

A

Dendrites receive the data or signals from another neuron

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20
Q

What do receptors do?

A

Receptors detect changes/stimulus and send signals to the CNS

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21
Q

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for carrying electrical impulses that are the means of communication?

A

axon

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22
Q

Sensory organs in humans?

A

Ear, nose, tongue, skin, eyes

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23
Q

What is the role of brain in the nervous system?

A

responsible for respons, sensations, movements, emotions, communication

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24
Q

What are the three primary roles of spinal cords?

A

send motor commands from the brain to the body, send sensory information from the body to the brain, and coordinate reflexes.

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25
Q

Where does the sensory neuron located?

A

Located in sensory organs (like eyes and skin), sending signals to the brain and spinal cord.

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26
Q

Where does the relay neuron located?

A

Found in the brain and spinal cord, connecting sensory and motor neurons.

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27
Q

Where is the cell body of a sensory neuron found?

A

the cell bodies of unipolar neurons are locataed in dorsal root ganglia

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28
Q

What happens during a reflex arc?

A

A reflex arc is a pathway that includes a sensory neuron, an interneuron, and a motor neuron, allowing for a quick response.

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29
Q

Where does the motor neuron located?

A

Found in the brain and spinal cord, sending signals to muscles to help us move

30
Q

What can affect our coordination?

A

Factors like fatigue, injury, or illness can affect our coordination.

31
Q

What is the sequence along which information travels during a reflex action?

A

receptors > sensory neuron > spinal cord > motor neuron > muscles

32
Q

What is a neurotransmitter?

A

A neurotransmitter is a chemical that helps transmit signals between neurons.

33
Q

The human nervous system is made of special cells called?

A

neurons

34
Q

How does information travel along neurons in an electrical form but travels between neurons in chemical form?

A

When the electrical signal reaches the end of the neuron, it releases chemicals called neurotransmitters leading to the synapse (gap between the neurons

35
Q

What is a sensory pathway?

A

A sensory pathway is a route that sensory information takes from receptors to the brain.

36
Q

When the signals reach the end of a neuron, what is the chemical name when it releases to the synapse (junction between neurons)?

A

(Neurotransmitters)

37
Q

What is the significance of the myelin sheath?

A

The myelin sheath speeds up the transmission of signals along the axon of a neuron.

38
Q

What is reflex action?

A

sudden, involuntary reactions of the body in response to stimuli

39
Q

What is the name of singular nerve cells?

A

Neurons

40
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

sensory, motor, and interneurons/relay

41
Q

When change in environment or temperature happens, how do our senses respond to the stimuli?

A

Our senses detect stimuli and sends them to the brain

42
Q

What is the function of the relay neuron?

A

allow sensory and motor neurons to communicate

43
Q

What are the advantages of reflex action?

A

To avoid injuries

44
Q

how does myelination affect the speed of nerve signal transmission?

A

Myelination helps nerve signals travel faster by covering the axon with a fatty layer. This allows the signals to jump between gaps, speeding up their movement compared to axons without myelin.

45
Q

What is an example of reflex action?

A

knee jerk reflex

46
Q

What is effector (muscle) function?

A

a structure that affects or sends a signal out

47
Q

What is the coordination of responses?

A

the ability to link stimuli to a response is called coordination

48
Q

What are specialized nerve cells that are responsible for transmitting sensory information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system (CNS)?

A

sensory neuron

49
Q

What transmits electrical impulses from the central nervous system to an effector?

A

motor neuron

50
Q

What is the part of the center that processes information and makes decisions called?

A

Brain

51
Q

What is a bundle of nerves that connects the brain to the rest of the body, relaying messages back and forth called?

A

spinal cord

52
Q

What is a bundle of axons called?

A

nerves

53
Q

What is the central nervous system a bundle of axons is called?

A

tract

54
Q

What is the single nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from a cell body called?

A

axon

55
Q

What is the nerve tissue that is made up of the brain and spinal cord?

A

Central nervous system

56
Q

What is the nerve tissue is made up of nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body?

A

Peripheral nervous system

57
Q

A damage to the back spinal cord can cause damage to the body called..

A

paralysis

58
Q

What is the function of the nervous system?

A

coordination and regulation of body function

59
Q

What is the characteristic of a reflex action?

A

rapid action

60
Q

“Response → receptor →neurones → effector → stimulus” what is the right order?

A

Stimulus → receptor → neurones → effector → response

61
Q

Responses are carried out by organs or tissues known as?

A

Effector

62
Q

What are the two types of nervous system?

A

central nervous system and Peripheral nervous system

63
Q

What is a “reaction to a stimulus” called?

A

respons

64
Q

What is the sensory organ that facilitates human vision?

A

eye

65
Q

What is the sensory organ responsible for human auditory perception?

A

ears

66
Q

How do Neurons communicate with each other?

A

Neurons communicate through neurotransmitters that cross synapses

67
Q

What is the shortest neuron system?

A

relay neuron

68
Q

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for reflex actions?

A

spinal cord

69
Q

what is a disadvantage of reflex actions?

A

the response against stimuli would be slower and might be injurious, because the brain processes and analyzes information.

70
Q

what is a neurotransmitter?

A

our body’s chemical messengers that carry messages from one neuron across a space to the next neuron

Flash Cards Biology (3 decks)

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