Coordination And Control

Question 1

Multicelluar organism

Answer 1

an organism that is composed of many cells. Most plants and animals are multicellular.

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

the maintenance of a relatively constant internal physiological environment of the body or part of the body (e.g. blood glucose level, pH, body temperature) in varying external conditions

Question 3

Stimulus - response model

Answer 3

a system in which any changes or variations (stimuli) in the internal environment are detected (by receptors); if a response is required, this is communicated to effectors to bring about some type of change or correction so the conditions can be brought back to normal

Question 4

Negative feedback

Answer 4

a response that reduces the original stimulus

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

a simple carbohydrate and the simplest form of sugar

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

a large gland in the body that produces and secretes the hormone insulin and an important digestive fluid containing enzymes

Question 7

Insulin

Answer 7

hormone that removes glucose from the blood and stores it as glycogen in the liver and muscles

Question 8

Glycogen

Answer 8

the main storage carbohydrate in animals, converted from glucose by the liver and stored in the liver and muscle tissue

Question 9

Positive feedback

Answer 9

a reaction in which the response is in the same direction as the stimulus—for example, during childbirth the onset of contractions activates the release of the hormone oxytocin, which stimulates further contractions

Question 10

Oxytocin

Answer 10

hormone secreted from the pituitary gland that assists in the formation of bonds between mothers and their babies, and perhaps between people in close relationships

Question 11

Nervous system

Answer 11

the system of nerves and nerve centres in an animal in which messages are sent as an electrical and then a chemical impulse. It comprises the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Question 12

Endocrine system

Answer 12

the body system of glands that produce and secrete hormones into the bloodstream in order to regulate processes in various organs

Question 13

Signalling molecules

Answer 13

a chemical involved in transmitting information between cells

Question 14

Central nervous system

Answer 14

the part of the nervous system composed of the brain and spinal cord

Question 15

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Answer 15

made up of sensory and motor neurons. It connects the central nervous system to the rest of the body, and detects and responds to change.

Question 16

Sensory neurons

Answer 16

a nerve cell in the sense organs. It detects change in the environment and sends a message to the central nervous system

Question 17

Motor neurons

Answer 17

the nerve cell that causes an organ, such as a muscle or gland, to respond to a stimulus

Question 18

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 18

chemical released from the axon terminals into the synapse between your nerve cells (neurons) during a nerve impulse

Question 19

Endocrine glands

Answer 19

organs that produce hormones. Endocrine glands release their hormones into the bloodstream for transport to target organs.

Question 20

Hormones

Answer 20

chemical substances produced by glands and circulated in the blood. Hormones have specific effects in the body.

Question 21

Thermoregulation

Answer 21

the control of body temperature

Question 22

Thermostat

Answer 22

a device that establishes and maintains a desired temperature automatically