Coordinate Systems

Question 1

Which joint motion occurs around an axis?

Answer 1

Rotation

Question 2

Which joint motion occurs in a straight line as a slide or glide?

Answer 2

Translation

Question 3

What is the most common motion produced by the body?

Answer 3

Curvilinear motion (rotation + translation)

Question 4

What is curvilinear motion?

Answer 4

Coupled movement combining rotation and translation

Question 5

Which body plane divides right and left?

Answer 5

Sagittal

Question 6

Which body plane divides anterior and posterior?

Answer 6

Frontal/Coronal

Question 7

Which body plane divides superior and inferior?

Answer 7

Transverse

Question 8

What is the term for the line around which a motion occurs?

Answer 8

Axis

Question 9

What is another name for the Cartesian Coordinate System?

Answer 9

Rectangular Coordinate System

Question 10

In what dimension is the Orthogonal System?

Answer 10

2D OR 3D

Question 11

How many degrees of freedom are seen in joints?

Answer 11

Six (3 translational and 3 rotational movements possible)

Question 12

The X-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

Answer 12

Coronal and transverse

Question 13

The Y-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

Answer 13

Coronal and sagittal

Question 14

The Z-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

Answer 14

Sagittal and transverse

Question 15

In which direction is +X translation?

Answer 15

Left

Question 16

In which direction is -X translation?

Answer 16

Right

Question 17

In which direction is +Y translation?

Answer 17

Superior

Question 18

In which direction is -Y translation?

Answer 18

Inferior

Question 19

In which direction is +Z translation?

Answer 19

Anterior

Question 20

In which direction is -Z translation?

Answer 20

Posterior

Question 21

Which hand is used in the “trick” for determining positive and negative translational direction?

Answer 21

RIGHT

Question 22

What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from right to left?

Answer 22

Positive X translation

Question 23

What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from left to right?

Answer 23

Negative X translation

Question 24

What movement is associated with distraction of a vertebra inferior to superior?

Answer 24

Positive Y translation

Question 25

What movement is associated with compression of a vertebra superior to inferior?

Answer 25

Negative Y translation

Question 26

What movement is associated with P-A glide (retrolisthesis) of a vertebra?

Answer 26

Positive Z translation

Question 27

What movement is associated with A-P glide (anterolisthesis) of a vertebra?

Answer 27

Negative Z translation

Question 28

When using the "Right Handed System" to determine translation, what wrist motion is associated with positive rotation about the axis?

Answer 28

Flexion

Question 29

What orthogonal movement is associated with flexion of the spine?

Answer 29

Positive θX

Question 30

What orthogonal movement is associated with extension of the spine?

Answer 30

Negative θX

Question 31

What orthogonal movement is associated with left axial rotation of the spine?

Answer 31

Positive θY

Question 32

What orthogonal movement is associated with right axial rotation of the spine?

Answer 32

Negative θY

Question 33

What orthogonal movement is associated with right lateral flexion of the spine?

Answer 33

Positive θZ

Question 34

What orthogonal movement is associated with left lateral flexion of the spine?

Answer 34

Negative θZ

Question 35

What other motion is coupled with anterior translation (positive Z axis) at the vertebral level?

Answer 35

Flexion (positive θX)

Question 36

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a posterior segment (negative Z translation)?

Answer 36

+ Z-axis translation

Question 37

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a PR listing (+ θY rotation)?

Answer 37

- θY rotation

Question 38

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix right lateral wedge?

Answer 38

+ θZ rotation (induce right lateral flexion)

Question 39

What listing system is used by Medicare?

Answer 39

Vertebral body

Question 40

What listing system is used by Palmer/Gonstead?

Answer 40

Spinous process

Question 41

What listing system is used by National/Diversified?

Answer 41

Vertebral body

Question 42

What is the "universal language" for a listing system?

Answer 42

Orthogonal System

Question 43

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left or right lateral listhesis?

Answer 43

None (universally = + X translation)

Question 44

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an anterolisthesis?

Answer 44

None (universally = + Z translation)

Question 45

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a retrolisthesis?

Answer 45

Posterior (P) (universally = - Z translation)

Question 46

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a flexion malposition?

Answer 46

None (universally = + θX)

Question 47

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an extension malposition?

Answer 47

Posterior (P) (universally = - θX)

Question 48

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left rotational malposition?

Answer 48

Posterior spinous right (PR) (universally = + θY)

Question 49

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right rotational malposition?

Answer 49

Posterior spinous left (PL) (universally = - θY)

Question 50

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right or left lateral flexion malposition?

Answer 50

None Universally: Right = + θZ Left = - θZ

Question 51

What is the coupled motion associated with a posterior (P) listing? *****

Answer 51

Posterior translation (-Z) AND extension malposition (- θX)

Question 52

How many movements are associated with a 2-letter listing like "PR" or "PL"?

Answer 52

Three

Question 53

How many movements are associated with a 3-letter listing like "PRI" or "PLS"?

Answer 53

4

Question 54

``` Name the listing for: - Z translation - θX + θY - θZ ```

Answer 54

PRS

Question 55

What direction is restricted with a right rotational restriction?

Answer 55

- θY restriction (BODY stuck right)

Question 56

What direction is restricted with a left rotational restriction?

Answer 56

+ θY restriction (BODY stuck left)