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Biomechanics Exam II > Coordinate Systems > Flashcards

Coordinate Systems Flashcards

1
Q

Which joint motion occurs around an axis?

A

Rotation

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2
Q

Which joint motion occurs in a straight line as a slide or glide?

A

Translation

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3
Q

What is the most common motion produced by the body?

A

Curvilinear motion (rotation + translation)

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4
Q

What is curvilinear motion?

A

Coupled movement combining rotation and translation

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5
Q

Which body plane divides right and left?

A

Sagittal

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6
Q

Which body plane divides anterior and posterior?

A

Frontal/Coronal

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7
Q

Which body plane divides superior and inferior?

A

Transverse

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8
Q

What is the term for the line around which a motion occurs?

A

Axis

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9
Q

What is another name for the Cartesian Coordinate System?

A

Rectangular Coordinate System

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10
Q

In what dimension is the Orthogonal System?

A

2D OR 3D

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11
Q

How many degrees of freedom are seen in joints?

A

Six (3 translational and 3 rotational movements possible)

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12
Q

The X-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

A

Coronal and transverse

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13
Q

The Y-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

A

Coronal and sagittal

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14
Q

The Z-axis is the junction of which two body planes?

A

Sagittal and transverse

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15
Q

In which direction is +X translation?

A

Left

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16
Q

In which direction is -X translation?

A

Right

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17
Q

In which direction is +Y translation?

A

Superior

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18
Q

In which direction is -Y translation?

A

Inferior

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19
Q

In which direction is +Z translation?

A

Anterior

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20
Q

In which direction is -Z translation?

A

Posterior

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21
Q

Which hand is used in the “trick” for determining positive and negative translational direction?

A

RIGHT

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22
Q

What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from right to left?

A

Positive X translation

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23
Q

What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from left to right?

A

Negative X translation

24
Q

What movement is associated with distraction of a vertebra inferior to superior?

A

Positive Y translation

25
Q

What movement is associated with compression of a vertebra superior to inferior?

A

Negative Y translation

26
Q

What movement is associated with P-A glide (retrolisthesis) of a vertebra?

A

Positive Z translation

27
Q

What movement is associated with A-P glide (anterolisthesis) of a vertebra?

A

Negative Z translation

28
Q

When using the “Right Handed System” to determine translation, what wrist motion is associated with positive rotation about the axis?

A

Flexion

29
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with flexion of the spine?

A

Positive θX

30
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with extension of the spine?

A

Negative θX

31
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with left axial rotation of the spine?

A

Positive θY

32
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with right axial rotation of the spine?

A

Negative θY

33
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with right lateral flexion of the spine?

A

Positive θZ

34
Q

What orthogonal movement is associated with left lateral flexion of the spine?

A

Negative θZ

35
Q

What other motion is coupled with anterior translation (positive Z axis) at the vertebral level?

A

Flexion (positive θX)

36
Q

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a posterior segment (negative Z translation)?

A

+ Z-axis translation

37
Q

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a PR listing (+ θY rotation)?

A
  • θY rotation
38
Q

What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix right lateral wedge?

A

+ θZ rotation (induce right lateral flexion)

39
Q

What listing system is used by Medicare?

A

Vertebral body

40
Q

What listing system is used by Palmer/Gonstead?

A

Spinous process

41
Q

What listing system is used by National/Diversified?

A

Vertebral body

42
Q

What is the “universal language” for a listing system?

A

Orthogonal System

43
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left or right lateral listhesis?

A

None (universally = + X translation)

44
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an anterolisthesis?

A

None (universally = + Z translation)

45
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a retrolisthesis?

A

Posterior (P) (universally = - Z translation)

46
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a flexion malposition?

A

None (universally = + θX)

47
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an extension malposition?

A

Posterior (P) (universally = - θX)

48
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left rotational malposition?

A

Posterior spinous right (PR) (universally = + θY)

49
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right rotational malposition?

A

Posterior spinous left (PL) (universally = - θY)

50
Q

What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right or left lateral flexion malposition?

A

None

Universally:
Right = + θZ
Left = - θZ

51
Q

What is the coupled motion associated with a posterior (P) listing? *****

A

Posterior translation (-Z) AND extension malposition (- θX)

52
Q

How many movements are associated with a 2-letter listing like “PR” or “PL”?

A

Three

53
Q

How many movements are associated with a 3-letter listing like “PRI” or “PLS”?

A

4

54
Q 
Name the listing for:
- Z translation
- θX
\+ θY
- θZ
A

PRS

55
Q

What direction is restricted with a right rotational restriction?

A
  • θY restriction (BODY stuck right)
56
Q

What direction is restricted with a left rotational restriction?

A

+ θY restriction (BODY stuck left)

Biomechanics Exam II (7 decks)

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