Coordinate Systems Flashcards
Which joint motion occurs around an axis?
Rotation
Which joint motion occurs in a straight line as a slide or glide?
Translation
What is the most common motion produced by the body?
Curvilinear motion (rotation + translation)
What is curvilinear motion?
Coupled movement combining rotation and translation
Which body plane divides right and left?
Sagittal
Which body plane divides anterior and posterior?
Frontal/Coronal
Which body plane divides superior and inferior?
Transverse
What is the term for the line around which a motion occurs?
Axis
What is another name for the Cartesian Coordinate System?
Rectangular Coordinate System
In what dimension is the Orthogonal System?
2D OR 3D
How many degrees of freedom are seen in joints?
Six (3 translational and 3 rotational movements possible)
The X-axis is the junction of which two body planes?
Coronal and transverse
The Y-axis is the junction of which two body planes?
Coronal and sagittal
The Z-axis is the junction of which two body planes?
Sagittal and transverse
In which direction is +X translation?
Left
In which direction is -X translation?
Right
In which direction is +Y translation?
Superior
In which direction is -Y translation?
Inferior
In which direction is +Z translation?
Anterior
In which direction is -Z translation?
Posterior
Which hand is used in the “trick” for determining positive and negative translational direction?
RIGHT
What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from right to left?
Positive X translation
What movement is associated with lateral glide of a vertebra from left to right?
Negative X translation
What movement is associated with distraction of a vertebra inferior to superior?
Positive Y translation
What movement is associated with compression of a vertebra superior to inferior?
Negative Y translation
What movement is associated with P-A glide (retrolisthesis) of a vertebra?
Positive Z translation
What movement is associated with A-P glide (anterolisthesis) of a vertebra?
Negative Z translation
When using the “Right Handed System” to determine translation, what wrist motion is associated with positive rotation about the axis?
Flexion
What orthogonal movement is associated with flexion of the spine?
Positive θX
What orthogonal movement is associated with extension of the spine?
Negative θX
What orthogonal movement is associated with left axial rotation of the spine?
Positive θY
What orthogonal movement is associated with right axial rotation of the spine?
Negative θY
What orthogonal movement is associated with right lateral flexion of the spine?
Positive θZ
What orthogonal movement is associated with left lateral flexion of the spine?
Negative θZ
What other motion is coupled with anterior translation (positive Z axis) at the vertebral level?
Flexion (positive θX)
What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a posterior segment (negative Z translation)?
+ Z-axis translation
What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix a PR listing (+ θY rotation)?
- θY rotation
What would be the ADJUSTMENT (orthogonally speaking) to fix right lateral wedge?
+ θZ rotation (induce right lateral flexion)
What listing system is used by Medicare?
Vertebral body
What listing system is used by Palmer/Gonstead?
Spinous process
What listing system is used by National/Diversified?
Vertebral body
What is the “universal language” for a listing system?
Orthogonal System
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left or right lateral listhesis?
None (universally = + X translation)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an anterolisthesis?
None (universally = + Z translation)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a retrolisthesis?
Posterior (P) (universally = - Z translation)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a flexion malposition?
None (universally = + θX)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for an extension malposition?
Posterior (P) (universally = - θX)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a left rotational malposition?
Posterior spinous right (PR) (universally = + θY)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right rotational malposition?
Posterior spinous left (PL) (universally = - θY)
What is the Palmer/Gonstead listing for a right or left lateral flexion malposition?
None
Universally:
Right = + θZ
Left = - θZ
What is the coupled motion associated with a posterior (P) listing? *****
Posterior translation (-Z) AND extension malposition (- θX)
How many movements are associated with a 2-letter listing like “PR” or “PL”?
Three
How many movements are associated with a 3-letter listing like “PRI” or “PLS”?
4
Name the listing for: - Z translation - θX \+ θY - θZ
PRS
What direction is restricted with a right rotational restriction?
- θY restriction (BODY stuck right)
What direction is restricted with a left rotational restriction?
+ θY restriction (BODY stuck left)
