coordinate bond Flashcards
What are the postulates of Werner’s theory?
- Metals exhibit two types of valencies: primary (oxidation state) and secondary (coordination number). 2. Secondary valency is satisfied by ligands. 3. Ligands form a coordination sphere around the metal.
What is a ligand?
A molecule or ion that donates an electron pair to a central metal ion in a coordination complex.
What is the coordination number?
The number of ligand donor atoms bonded to the central metal ion.
What is the coordination sphere?
The metal ion and its surrounding ligands enclosed in square brackets in a complex.
Give an example of a coordination compound.
[Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺, [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻.
What is the IUPAC name of [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺?
Tetraamminecopper(II) ion.
What is the IUPAC name of K₄[Fe(CN)₆]?
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II).
What is valence bond (VB) theory in coordination compounds?
A theory explaining bonding in complexes using hybridization and overlapping orbitals.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Cr(NH₃)₆]²⁺?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [NiCl₄]²⁻?
sp³ hybridization, tetrahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Ni(CO)₄]?
sp³ hybridization, tetrahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻?
dsp² hybridization, square planar.
What is Crystal Field Theory (CFT)?
A theory explaining bonding in coordination compounds by considering ligand-induced splitting of d-orbitals.
How does CFT explain the color of coordination compounds?
Color arises due to d-d electron transitions between split d-orbitals in the presence of ligands.
Why are some coordination compounds paramagnetic?
If unpaired electrons remain after d-orbital splitting, the compound is paramagnetic.
What is geometrical isomerism in coordination compounds?
Isomerism where ligands differ in spatial arrangement, e.g., cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂] and trans-[Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂].
What is optical isomerism in coordination compounds?
Non-superimposable mirror images of a complex, common in octahedral complexes.
Give an example of a metal extraction using coordination compounds.
Cyanide complexes in gold and silver extraction (e.g., [Au(CN)₂]⁻).
How are coordination compounds used in medicine?
Platinum-based drugs like cisplatin are used in chemotherapy.
How are coordination compounds used in qualitative analysis?
Complex formation helps identify metal ions, e.g., NH₃ with Cu²⁺ forms deep blue [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺.
What are the postulates of Werner’s theory?
- Metals exhibit two types of valencies: primary (oxidation state) and secondary (coordination number). 2. Secondary valency is satisfied by ligands. 3. Ligands form a coordination sphere around the metal.
What is a ligand?
A molecule or ion that donates an electron pair to a central metal ion in a coordination complex.
What is the coordination number?
The number of ligand donor atoms bonded to the central metal ion.
What is the coordination sphere?
The metal ion and its surrounding ligands enclosed in square brackets in a complex.
Give an example of a coordination compound.
[Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺, [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻.
What is the IUPAC name of [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺?
Tetraamminecopper(II) ion.
What is the IUPAC name of K₄[Fe(CN)₆]?
Potassium hexacyanoferrate(II).
What is valence bond (VB) theory in coordination compounds?
A theory explaining bonding in complexes using hybridization and overlapping orbitals.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Fe(CN)₆]⁴⁻?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Fe(CN)₆]³⁻?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Cr(NH₃)₆]²⁺?
d²sp³ hybridization, octahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [NiCl₄]²⁻?
sp³ hybridization, tetrahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Ni(CO)₄]?
sp³ hybridization, tetrahedral.
What is the hybridization and shape of [Ni(CN)₄]²⁻?
dsp² hybridization, square planar.
What is Crystal Field Theory (CFT)?
A theory explaining bonding in coordination compounds by considering ligand-induced splitting of d-orbitals.
How does CFT explain the color of coordination compounds?
Color arises due to d-d electron transitions between split d-orbitals in the presence of ligands.
Why are some coordination compounds paramagnetic?
If unpaired electrons remain after d-orbital splitting, the compound is paramagnetic.
What is geometrical isomerism in coordination compounds?
Isomerism where ligands differ in spatial arrangement, e.g., cis-[Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂] and trans-[Pt(NH₃)₂Cl₂].
What is optical isomerism in coordination compounds?
Non-superimposable mirror images of a complex, common in octahedral complexes.
Give an example of a metal extraction using coordination compounds.
Cyanide complexes in gold and silver extraction (e.g., [Au(CN)₂]⁻).
How are coordination compounds used in medicine?
Platinum-based drugs like cisplatin are used in chemotherapy.
How are coordination compounds used in qualitative analysis?
Complex formation helps identify metal ions, e.g., NH₃ with Cu²⁺ forms deep blue [Cu(NH₃)₄]²⁺.
