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The Science of ABA > Cooper Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Cooper Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Interventions deal with problems that are deemed socially important

A

Applied

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2
Q

Applied interventions deal with measurable behavior or reports if they can be validated

A

Behavioral

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3
Q

Applied interventions require an objective demonstration that the procedures caused the effect

A

Analytic

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4
Q

Applied interventions are described well enough that they can be implemented by anyone with training and resources

A

Technological

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5
Q

Applied interventions arise from a specific and identifiable theoretical base rather than a set or bag of tricks

A

Conceptual Systems

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6
Q

Applied interventions produce strong socially important effects

A

Effective

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7
Q

Applied interventions are designed from the outset to operate in new environments and continue after the formal treatments have ended

A

Generality

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8
Q

The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.

A

ABA

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9
Q

The philosophy of a science of behavior

A

behaviorism

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10
Q

The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion.

A

determinism

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11
Q

The objective observation of the phenomena of interest

Objective observations are “independent of the individual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist… Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observation and do not depend on the subjective belief of the individual scientist” (Zuriff, 1985)

A

empiricism

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12
Q

A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable) under two or more diffferent conditions in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another.

A

experiment

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13
Q

A natual science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner;

methodological features include:
-rate of response as a basic dependent variable,
-repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined response classes,
-within-subject experimental comparisons instead of group design,
-visual analysis of graphed data instead of statistical inference,
-and an emphasis on describing functional relations betweeen behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory testing.

A

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

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14
Q

A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon, such as “intelligence” or “cognitive awareness” as explanations for why an organism pushes the lever when the light is on and food is available but does not push the lever when the light is off and food is not available.

A

explanatory fiction

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15
Q

A term with two meanings in contemporary behavior analysis literature.

  1. In its original and most fundamental usage _____ _____ denotes demonstrations of functional relations between environmental variables and behavior.
  2. In the context of determining the purposes (functions) of problem behavior for an individual, _____ _____ entails experimentally arranging antecedents and consequences representing those in a person’s natural routines so that their separate effects on a problem behavior can be observed and measured.
A

functional analysis

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16
Q

A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment (or group of related experiments) that describes the occurrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment in which a specific change in one event (DV) can be produced by manipulating another event (IV), and that the change in the DV was unlikely the result of other factors (confounding variables); in behavior analysis expressed as b=f(x1), (x2)….. where b is the behavior and x1, x2 are environmental variables of which the behavior is a function.

A

functional relation

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17
Q

A presumed but unobserved process or entity (e.g. Freud’s id, ego, superego)

A

hypothetical construct

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18
Q

An approach to explaining behavior that assumes that a mental or inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all.

A

mentalism

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19
Q

A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science.

A

methodological behaviorism

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20
Q

The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations.

A

parsimony

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21
Q

An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned.

A

philosophical doubt

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22
Q

A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action

A

pragmatism

23
Q

A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny).

A

radical behaviorism

24
Q

(a) Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity.

(b) Repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors.

A

replication

25
Q

A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena (as evidenced by description, prediction, and control) that relies on determinism as its fundamental assumption, empiricism as its primary rule, experimentation as its basic strategy, replication as a requirement for believability, parsimony as a value, and philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience.

A

science

26
Q

Applied

A

Interventions deal with socially important problems

27
Q

Behavioral

A

Applied interventions deal with measurable behavior or reports if they can be validated

28
Q

Analytic

A

Applied interventions require an objective demonstration that the procedures caused the effect

29
Q

Technological

A

Applied interventions are described well enough that they can be implemented by anyone with training and resources

30
Q

Conceptual Systems

A

Applied interventions arise from a specific and identifiable theoretical base rather than a set or bag of tricks

31
Q

Effective

A

Applied interventions produce strong socially important effects

32
Q

Generality

A

Applied interventions are designed from the outset to operate in new environments and continue after the formal treatments have ended

33
Q

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

A

The science in which
- tactics derived from the principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior, and
- experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement in behavior.

34
Q

behaviorism

A

The philosophy of a science of behavior

35
Q

determinism

A

The assumption that the universe is a lawful and orderly place in which phenomena occur in relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion.

36
Q

empiricism

A

The objective observation of the phenomena of interest

Objective observations are “independent of the individual prejudices, tastes, and private opinions of the scientist… Results of empirical methods are objective in that they are open to anyone’s observation and do not depend on the subjective belief of the individual scientist” (Zuriff, 1985)

37
Q

experiment

A

A carefully controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomenon of interest (the dependent variable)

under two or more diffferent conditions

in which only one factor at a time (the independent variable) differs from one condition to another.

38
Q

EAB stands for

A

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

39
Q

methodological features of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior include:

A
  • rate of response as a basic dependent variable,
  • repeated or continuous measurement of clearly defined response classes,
  • within-subject experimental comparisons instead of group design,
  • visual analysis of graphed data instead of statistical inference, and
  • an emphasis on describing functional relations between behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory testing.
40
Q

Experimental Analysis of Behavior (EAB)

A

A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right founded by B.F. Skinner;

41
Q

explanatory fiction

A

A fictitious or hypothetical variable that often takes the form of another name for the observed phenomenon it claims to explain and contributes nothing to a functional account or understanding of the phenomenon.

such as “intelligence” or “cognitive awareness” as explanations for why an organism pushes the lever when the light is on and food is available but does not push the lever when the light is off and food is not available.

42
Q

functional analysis

A

A term with two meanings in contemporary behavior analysis literature.

  1. In its original and most fundamental usage FA denotes demonstrations of functional relations between environmental variables and behavior.
  2. In the context of determining the purposes (functions) of problem behavior for an individual, FA entails experimentally arranging antecedents and consequences representing those in a person’s natural routines so that their separate effects on a problem behavior can be observed and measured.
43
Q

functional relation

A

in behavior analysis expressed as

b=f(x1), (x2)…..

where:
- b is the behavior and
- x1, x2 are environmental variables of which the behavior is a function.

A verbal statement summarizing the results of an experiment (or group of related experiments) that describes the occurrence of the phenomena under study as a function of the operation of one or more specified and controlled variables in the experiment in which a specific change in one event (DV) can be produced by manipulating another event (IV), and that the change in the DV was unlikely the result of other factors (confounding variables);

44
Q

hypothetical construct

A

A presumed but unobserved process or entity

(e.g. Freud’s id, ego, superego)

45
Q

mentalism

A

An approach to explaining behavior that assumes:

  • that a mental or inner dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension and
  • that phenomena in this dimension either directly cause or at least mediate some forms of behavior, if not all.
46
Q

methodological behaviorism

A

A philosophical position that views behavioral events that cannot be publicly observed as outside the realm of science.

47
Q

parsimony

A

The practice of ruling out simple, logical explanations, experimentally or conceptually, before considering more complex or abstract explanations.

48
Q

philosophical doubt

A

An attitude that the truthfulness and validity of all scientific theory and knowledge should be continually questioned.

49
Q

_____ is a primary criterion by which behavior analysts judge the value of an intervention

A

Pragmatism

50
Q

pragmatism

A

A philosophical position asserting that the truth value of a statement is determined by how well it promotes effective action.

51
Q

radical behaviorism

A

A form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior, including private events such as thoughts and feelings, in terms of controlling variables in the history of the person (ontogeny) and the species (phylogeny).

52
Q

replication

A

(a) Repeating conditions within an experiment to determine the reliability of effects and increase internal validity.

(b) Repeating whole experiments to determine the generality of findings of previous experiments to other subjects, settings, and/or behaviors.

53
Q

Science relies on:

A
  • determinism as its fundamental assumption,
  • empiricism as its primary rule,
  • experimentation as its basic strategy,
  • replication as a requirement for believability,
  • parsimony as a value, and
  • philosophic doubt as its guiding conscience
54
Q

science

A

A systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena

(as evidenced by description, prediction, and control)

The Science of ABA (6 decks)

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