Cooper ABA Flashcards
A two-phase experimental design consisting of a pre-treatment baseline condition (A) followed by a treatment condition (B)
A-B Design
A three phase experimental design consisting of an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained, an intervention phase in which the treatment condition (B) is implemented until the behaviour has changed and steady state responding is obtained, and a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding reverses to levels observed in the initial baseline phase.
A-B-A Design
An experimental design consisting of (1) an initial baseline phase (A) until steady state responding (or countertherapeutic trend) is obtained, (2) an initial intervention phase in which the treatment variable (B) is implemented until the behaviour has changed and steady state responding is obtained, (3) a return to baseline conditions (A) by withdrawing the independent variable to see whether responding reverses to levels observed in the initial baseline phase, and (4) a second intervention phase (B) to see whether initial treatment effects are replicated.
A-B-A-B Design (also called reversal design, withdrawal design)
A decrease in the current frequency of behaviour that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation. For example, food ingestion abates (decreases the current frequency of) behaviour that has been reinforced by food.
Abative effect (of a motivating operation)
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event. For example, the reinforcing effectiveness of food is abolished as a result of food ingestion.
Abolishing Operation (AO)
The extent to which observed values, the data produced by measuring an event, match the true state, or true values, of the event as it exists in nature.
Accuracy (of measurement)
Behaviour that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behaviour; time-filling or interim activities (e.g., doodling, idle talking, smoking, drinking) that are induced by schedules of reinforcement during times when reinforcement is unlikely to be delivered.
Adjunctive Behaviour (also called schedule-induced behaviour)
A three-step form of reasoning that begins with a true antecedent-consequent (if A-then-B) statement and proceeds as follows: (1) if A is true, then B is true; (2) B is found to be true; (3) therefore, A is true. Although other factors could be responsible for the truthfulness of A, a sound experiment affirms several if-A-then-B possibilities, each one reducing the likelihood of factors other than the independent variable being responsible for the observed changes in behaviour
Affirmation of the consequent
An experimental design in which two or more conditions (one of which may be a no-treatment control condition) are presented in rapidly alternating succession (e.g., on alternating sessions or days) independent of the level of responding; differences in responding between or among conditions are attributed to the effects of the conditions.
Alternating treatment design (also called concurrent schedule design, multielement design, multiple schedule design)
A form of direct, continuous observation in which the observer records a descriptive, temporally sequenced account of all behaviours of interest and the antecedent conditions and consequences for those behaviours as those events occur in the clients natural environment
Anecdotal Observation (also called ABC recording)
An environmental condition or stimulus change existing or occurring prior to a behaviour of interest
Antecedent
A behaviour change strategy that manipulates contingency-independent antecedent stimuli (motivating operations
Antecedent Intervention
A set of stimuli which share a common relationship. All stimuli in an antecedent stimulus class evoke the same operant behaviour, or elicit the same respondent behaviour
Antecedent stimulus class
The science in which tactics derived from the principles of behaviour are applied to improve socially significant behaviour and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement of behaviour
Applied behaviour analysis (ABA)
Antecedent stimuli that evoke the same response but do not resemble each other in physical form or share a relational aspect such as bigger or under (e.g., peanuts, cheese, coconut milk, and chicken breasts are members of an arbitrary stimulus class if they evoke the response ‘sources of protein’)
Arbitrary stimulus class
An outcome or result that appears to exist because of the way it is measured but in fact does not correspond to what actually occurred
Artifact
A data path that shows an increasing trend in the response measure over time
Ascending baseline
Anyone who functions as a discriminative stimulus evoking verbal behaviour. Different audiences may control different verbal behaviour about the same topic because of a differential reinforcement history. Teens may describe the same event in different ways when talking to peers versus parents.
Audience
A secondary verbal operant in which some aspect of a speakers own verbal behaviour functions as an SD or an MO for additional speaker verbal behaviour. The autoclitic relation can be thought of as verbal behaviour about verbal behaviour
Autoclitic
Punishment that occurs independent of the social mediation by others (i.e., a response product serves as a punisher independent of the social environment)
Automatic punishment
Reinforcement that occurs independent of the social mediation by others (e.g., scratching an insect bite relives the itch)
Automatic reinforcement
Refers to the fact that behaviour is modified by its consequence irrespective of the persons awareness; a person does not have to recognise or verbalise the relation between her behaviour and a reinforcing consequence, or even know that a consequence has occurred, for reinforcement to ‘work’
Automaticity (of reinforcement)
In general, an unpleasent or noxious stimulus; more technically, a stimulus change or condition that functions (a) to evoke a behaviour that has terminated it in the past; (b) as a punisher when presented following behaviour, and/or (c) as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behaviour
Aversive stimulus
A contingency in which a response prevents or postpones the presentations of a stimulus
Avoidance contingency