cool kids 4 eva

Question 1

what is the full name of DNA

Answer 1

deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 2

what is the structure of dna called

Answer 2

double helix

Question 3

what are the 2 cells in the human body

Answer 3

somatic cells (body cells) and gametes (sex cells)

Question 4

what is the roll of somatic cells

Answer 4

to grow and repair new and damaged cells

Question 5

what is the roll of gametes

Answer 5

to create geneticaly different cells used for reproduction

Question 6

what cell division makes gametes

Answer 6

meiosis

Question 7

what cell division makes somatic cells

Answer 7

mitosis

Question 8

what are all the processes in mitosis

Answer 8

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Question 9

what are all the phases in meiosis

Answer 9

prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, telophase1, prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, telophase 2

Question 10

what are the main differences between meiosis and mitosis

Answer 10

(a) meiosis makes 4 daughter cells and mitosis makes 2 (b) meiosis final daughter cells are haploid, while mitosis are diploid (c) mitosis are identical while meiosis is genetically different (d) in meiosis metaphase 1 the chromosomes line up in middle with homologous chromosomes, while in mitosis metaphase they line up singularly in the middle (e) in prophase 1 of meiosis the homologous cromosomes pair up and cross over dna

Question 11

what is crossing over

Answer 11

where the chromosomes pair up with their homologous pairs during prophase 1 of meiosis and they exchange genes when they touch

Question 12

what does Adenine pair with

Answer 12

thymine

Question 13

what does guanine pair with

Answer 13

cytosine

Question 14

what makes up a nucleotide

Answer 14

phosphate group, nitrogenous bases, deoxyribose sugar

Question 15

what is the genetic information held in a cell

Answer 15

contains the instructions for all the proteins the organism will ever synthesize

Question 16

what makes up a chromosome in order

Answer 16

chromosome - chromatids, chromotin, genes, DNA

Question 17

what is nuclei

Answer 17

the nucleus

Question 18

what does homozygous mean

Answer 18

the same genotype combinations eg DD or gg

Question 19

what does heterozygous mean

Answer 19

different genotype combinations eg Dd or Gg

Question 20

what is diploid

Answer 20

diploid is represented as 2n and is the number 46 - this is for somatic cells

Question 21

what is haploid

Answer 21

haploid is represented as n and is the number 23 - this is for gametes

Question 22

what is a genotype

Answer 22

a genotype is the letters that represent a the physical trait expressed

Question 23

what is a phenotype

Answer 23

a phenotype is the physical trait expressed that is represented by genotypes

Question 24

what is ment by dominant

Answer 24

A trait that only needs one copy of the gene to show up (e.g., brown eyes). Represented by a capital letter (B).

Question 25

what is ment by recessive

Answer 25

A trait that needs two copies of the gene (one from each parent) to appear (e.g., blue eyes). Represented by a lowercase letter (b).

Question 26

what does a square mean on a pedigree chart

Answer 26

male

Question 27

what does a coloured in circle mean on a pedigree chart

Answer 27

affected female

Question 28

defien gene

Answer 28

A gene is a section of DNA that carries instructions for a specific trait, like eye color or height. Genes are passed from parents to offspring and determine how our bodies grow and function

Question 29

define the term karotype

Answer 29

A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell, arranged in pairs. It helps scientists check for genetic disorders and determine if someone is male (XY) or female (XX

Question 29

define allele

Answer 29

An allele is a different version of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has different alleles, like one for brown eyes and one for blue eyes. You inherit one allele from each parent, which determines your traits

Question 30

define trait

Answer 30

A trait is a characteristic or feature of an organism, like eye color, height, or hair type, which is influenced by genes and sometimes the environment

Question 31

what is one genetic order and what is a chromosome it affects

Answer 31

downsyndrome chromosome 21 (not the only one)

Question 32

what represents a female on a karotype

Answer 32

XX

Question 33

what represents a male on a karotype

Answer 33

XY

Question 34

whats a heterozygous dominant

Answer 34

Tt

Question 35

whats a homozygous dominatnt

Answer 35

TT

Question 36

whats a homozygous recessive

Answer 36

tt0