cook apwh unit 5 Flashcards
abolition movement 5.1
def: the movement that gained popularity in the 18th century to free all enslaved people and end atlantic slave trade and create rights and equality.
lo2: reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights
empiricism 5.1
def: belief that knowledge is gained through life experience, as well as what you observe through the experiences including from experiments.
lo 1: philosophers developed new political ideas about the individual, natural rights, and the social contract.
enlightenment 5.1
def: movement in the 17th-18th centuries that had ideals like individualism, self-determination, and freedom.
lo 1: these philosophies applied new ways of understanding and empiricist approaches to both the natural world and human relationship
suffrage movement 5.1
def: long movement beginning in the 19th century for the right of women to vote in the united states. Wollstonecraft and Seneca Falls were major protests for women’s rights.
lo2: these reform movements contributed to the expansion of rights.
american revolution 5.2
def: a political and ideological revolution with roots in european enlightenment philosophy stretching from 1775-1783. The independent colonies revolted and defeated the british.
lo 3: Colonial subjects led a series of rebellions inspired by democratic ideals.
bolivar revolution 5.2
def: a period of political transition in venezuela. included massive revolt against Spanish colonial rule in South America, beginning in 1810 led by simon bolivar.
lo 3: movements facilitated the emergence of independent states in the Americas.
classical liberalism 5.2
def: a belief in constitutional government, natural rights, reduced spending on armies and established churches, and laissez faire economics. john stuart mill was a famous classical liberal.
lo 3: Discontent with monarchist and imperial rule encouraged the development of systems of government and various ideologies
french revolution 5.2
def: a period of major political and social change in france beginning in 1789 with the estates general and ending in 1799 with the formation of the french consulate.
lo 3: The 18th century marked the beginning of an intense period of revolution and rebellion against existing governments, leading to the establishment of new nation-states around the world.
haitian revolution 5.2
def: period of conflict that took place from 1791-1804 between slaves, colonists, and british and french armies. ended in the slaves winning independence and forming their own country.
lo 3: facilitated the emergence of independent states in the Americas
nationalism 5.2
def: devotion and intense loyalty to one´s language and culture. grew in Italy, germany, and argentina at this time.
lo 3: Newly imagined national communities often linked this new national identity with borders of the state.
causes of industrialization 5.3
def: new ideas and technologies such as enlightenment and interchangeable parts that lead major changes in society and economy.
lo 4: A variety of factors contributed to the growth of industrial production and eventually resulted in the Industrial Revolution
factory system 5.3
def: new method of manufacturing that involved the use of machinery and division of labor in order to produce goods in only one location.
lo 4: this concentrated production in a single location and led to an increasing degree of specialization of labor.
industrialization 5.4
def: the growth of mechanization in production that involves the shift from an agrarian society to an industrial society
lo 5: the rapid development of steam-powered industrial production in European countries and the U.S.
fossil fuel revolution 5.5
def: new resources were discovered and obtained. oil, coal, gas.the resources were used to power factories and new innovations during the industrial revolution.
lo 6: greatly increased the energy available to human societies.
industrial communication 5.5
def: electricity and electronics built connection and helped link people together through new innovations such as the telegraph, railroad, and steamship.
lo 6: made exploration, development, and communication possible in interior regions globally, which led to increased trade and migration.
internal combustion engine 5.5
def: a new innovation in the 19th century that generates power by burning a fuel and creating a heat engine that can be found in trains, cars, etc.
lo 6: made it possible to take advantage of resources of energy stored in fossil fuels,
second industrial revolution 5.5
def: from the 19th-20th century, a period of development in steel, chemicals, electronics, and precision machinery with the us, germany, and great britain as key players.
lo 6: led to new methods in the production of steel, chemicals, electricity, and precision machinery during the second half of the 19th century.
steam engine 5.5
def: an inexpensive way to use coal power to make steam that generated energy in textile factories created by james watt in 1765
lo 6: the development of machines made it possible to take advantage of resources of energy stored in fossil fuels.
meiji restoration 5.6
def: In 1688 the japanese overthrew the shogun and gave power back to the emperor.
lo 7: the expansion of U.S. and European influence in Asia led to internal reform in Japan that supported industrialization and led to the growing regional power of Japan
muhammad ali 5.6
def: An albanian ottoman officer who gained power to become the new governor of egypt. He industrialized egypt.
lo 7: states and governments promoted their own state- sponsored visions of industrialization.
capitalism 5.7
def: founded by adam smith an economic system where production, such as factories and natural resources are owned privately and run for profit
lo 8: Western European countries began abandoning mercantilism and adopting free trade policies
stock market 5.7
def: the exchange of buying and selling stock shares that is completed by a company.
lo 8: trade and production contributed to the proliferation of large-scale transnational businesses that relied on new practices in banking and finance.
transnational business 5.7
def: companies or businesses that operated across national borders or in multiple countries. United Fruit Company and HSBC were known for this.
lo 8: trade and production contributed to the proliferation of large-scale transnational businesses that relied on new practices in banking and finance.
communism 5.8
def: founded by karl marx a political system of government where the government has full power over all property and all aspects of life in a country.
lo 9: Discontent with established power structures encouraged the development of various ideologies.
labor unions 5.8
def: groups of workers who gathered together in hopes of getting better working conditions. they held strikes to protest the bad conditions.
lo 9: Workers’ movements and political parties emerged in different areas, promoting alternative visions of society.
self-strengthening movement 5.8
def: movement where the qing dynasty brought in western technology trying to redo china’s military, diplomatic, fiscal, and educational policy
lo 9: qing china sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries.
socialism 5.8
def: founded by Friedrich Engels an economic and political belief that the production, distribution, and exchange in factories should be controlled by the whole community.
lo 9: In response to social and economic individuals promoted various types of political, social, educational, and urban reforms.
taiping rebellion 5.8
def: Massive internal uprising in china during the qing dynasty rule. The rebellion was based on millinarian teachings.
lo 9: qing china sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries.
tanzimat reforms 5.8
def: Period of reformation in the ottoman empire during the 1800s where attempts to modernize and secure the empire’s territories.
lo 9: the ottoman empire sought to reform and modernize their economies and militaries.
cult of domesticity 5.9
def: standards that were placed on women in the 19th century that were idealized such as piety, purity, submissiveness, and domesticity that marked femininity at this time. lo 10: middle-class women who did not have the same economic demands to satisfy were increasingly limited to roles in the household or roles focused on child development.
new social classes 5.9
def: as the times changed and things became more industrialized and mechanized new hierarchical structures arose and the middle and working classes were added. lo 10: the middle class and the industrial working class, developed.
urbanization 5.9
def: the process of cities growing and societies becoming more urban.
lo 10: led to a variety of challenges, including pollution, poverty, increased crime, public health crises, housing shortages, and insufficient infrastructure to accommodate urban growth.
