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13 Chem. Organics > Conversions > Flashcards

Conversions Flashcards

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1
Q

Alkane
⬇️
Haloalkane R-X

A

Br2 or Cl2 & uv light (Substitution)

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2
Q

Alkene (C=C)
⬇️
Haloalkane R-X
e.g. CH3CHBrCH3

A

Shake with HBr

Addition

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3
Q

Alkene (C=C)
⬇️
Haloalkane
e.g. CH3BrCHBrCH3

A

Shake with Br2

Addition

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4
Q

Alkane (C=C)
⬇️
Alcohol R-OH

A

H+/H2O

Hydration/Addition

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5
Q

Haloalkane R-X
⬇️
Alcohol R-OH

A

Heat under reflux with KOH or NaOH (aq)

Substitution

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6
Q

Haloalkane R-X
⬇️
Alkene

A

Heat under reflux with KOH or NaOH (alc)

Elimination

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7
Q

Alcohol R-OH
⬇️
Haloalkane R-Cl

A 
Add SOCl2 (or PCl3,5) 
(Substitution)
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8
Q

Carboxylic acid R-COOH
⬇️
Acid (acyl) Chloride R-COCl

A 
Add SOCl2 (or PCl3,5) 
(Substitution)
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9
Q

Alcohol R-OH
⬇️
Ester R-COO-R’

A

Heat with carboxylic acid and concentrated H2SO4

Condensation

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10
Q

Carboxylic acid R-COOH
⬇️
Ester R-COO-R’

A

Heat with carboxylic acid and concentrated H2SO4

Condensation

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11
Q

Primary alcohol R-OH
⬇️
Aldehyde R-CHO
(Heat and distil off as formed)

A

Heat with H+/(Cr2O7)-2

Oxidation

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12
Q

Primary alcohol R-OH
⬇️
Carboxylic acid R-COOH
(Heat under reflux)

A

Heat with H+/(MnO4)- or H+/(Cr2O7)-2

Oxidation

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13
Q

Secondary alcohol RCH(OH)R
⬇️
Ketone RCOR
(Heat under reflux)

A

Heat with H+/(Cr2O7)-2 or H+/(MnO4)-

Oxidation

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14
Q

Alkene (C=C)
⬇️
Alkane

A

Heat with H2, Ni or Pt catalyst

Addition

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15
Q

Acid chloride R-COCl
⬇️
Amide R-CONH2

A

Add concentrated NH3 (alc)

Substitution

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16
Q

Acid chloride R-COCl
⬇️
Carboxylic acid R-COOH

A

Just add water

Hydrolysis

17
Q

Haloalkane R-X
⬇️
Amine R-NH2

A

Heat with concentrated NH3 (alc)

Substitution

18
Q 
Haloalkane R-X
⬇️
R-NH3+ X- 
⬇️ 
Amide R-NH2
A

Heat with excess NH3(alc)

Substitution

19
Q

Acid chloride R-COCl
⬇️
Secondary amide
R-CONH-R’

A

Add amine R-NH2

Condensation

20
Q

Acid chloride R-COCl
⬇️
Ester R-COOR’

A

Add R’-OH

Condensation

21
Q

Alcohol R-OH
⬇️
Alkene (C=C)

A

Concentrated H2SO4

Dehydration/Elimination

22
Q

Amine R-NH2
⬇️
Salt R-NH3+/Cl-

A

HCl(g)

Acid-Base

23
Q

Carboxylic acid R-COOH
⬇️
Amide R-CONH2

A

Treat with (NH4)2CO3 and then heat

24
Q

Amide R-CONH2
⬇️
Carboxylic acid R-COOH

A

Heat with H+/H2O

Hydrolysis

25
Q 
Carboxylic acid
R-COOH
⬇️ 
Sodium salt of a carboxylic acid 
R-COO- Na+
A

Add NaOH, NaHCO3 or Na2CO3

Acid-Base

26
Q

Carboxylic acid R-COOH
⬇️
R’NH3+ + CH3COO-

A

Mix with R’-NH2

Acid-Base

13 Chem. Organics (2 decks)

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