Controversies In Health Promotion

Question 1

Define screening?

Answer 1

Using test on a large scale to identify the presence of a disease in apparently healthy people.

Question 2

What are the different types of screening?

Answer 2

Mass - multiphasic - targeted - opportunistic

Question 3

What are the rules of introducing a screening test?

Answer 3

• disease is well defined.
• there is a long period between when the disease can be detected and the appearance of the clinical manifestations.
• the disease is serious and there is effective treatment.
• screening is simple and safe.
• cost-effective.
• available facilities.
• dealing with +ives is clear.
• equity to access.

Question 4

What is the difference between lead and length time?

Answer 4

Lead time: extra time when you know that you have a disease by screening rather than by clinical presentation.

Length time: screening tends to diagnose disease less aggressive than a disease than disease that presents clinically.

Question 5

Lead time bias can lead to.

Answer 5

Survival look longer even if the disease course is not affected

Question 6

Length time bias can lead to.

Answer 6

Over diagnosis

Question 7

CA 125

Answer 7

Ovarian cancer

Question 8

What are the recommendations for the prevention of SIDS?

Answer 8

1- put the baby on back.
2- face uncovered.
3- avoid exposing babies to tobacco smoke.
4- safe sleeping environment next to the parents.