controlling the rate Flashcards
define activated complex
unstable arrangement of atoms formed at max of potential energy barrier during a reaction
catalyst
provides an alternative pathway and lowers the activation energy
activation energy
the min kenetic energy of the particals in a substance
relative rate formula
1/t
Is the rate of reaction constant over the ten second period?
- more successful collisions in the earlier part of the reaction when there are plenty of reactant particles available to react
- as some react, there are fewer available for collision and therefore the rate of reaction falls
- consequence of collision theory.
if reaction rates are too low…
a manufacturing process will not be economically viable
if reaction rates are too high…
there is a risk of thermal explosion
collision theory
substance may only react if
- their particles collide together
- these collisions have sufficient energy
- particles must collide with the right geometry
if pressure is released
- reactant particles become more crowded
- greater change of particles colliding
- ror increases
increasing temperature causes…
- particles to move faster meaning they collide more often
- collide with greater kinetic energy
collision geometry
the alignment of reactant molecules during a collision
- collisions won’t successfully take place without the correct collision geometry
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