Controlling Processes in the Human Body

Question 1

Stimulus

Answer 1

Any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way.

Question 2

Response

Answer 2

An action or change in behavior that occurs as a result of a stimulus.

Question 3

Nerve Impulse

Answer 3

A message carried by a neuron.

Question 4

Neurons

Answer 4

A cell that carries information through the nervous system.

Question 5

Synapse

Answer 5

The junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure.

Question 6

Reflex

Answer 6

An automatic response that occurs rapidly and without conscious control.

Question 7

Gland

Answer 7

An organ that produces and releases chemicals either through ducts or into the bloodstream.

Question 8

Duct

Answer 8

A tiny tube through which chemicals are released from a gland.

Question 9

Hormone

Answer 9

1. A chemical that affects growth and development in plants. 2. A chemical produced by an endocrine gland.

Question 10

Target Cells

Answer 10

A cell in the body that recognizes a hormone’s chemical structure.

Question 11

Negative Feedback

Answer 11

A process in which a system is turned off by the condition it produces.

Question 12

Fertilization

Answer 12

The process in sexual reproduction in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new cell.

Question 13

Testis

Answer 13

Organ of the male reproductive system in which sperm and testosterone are produced.

Question 14

Testosterone

Answer 14

A hormone produced by the testes that controls the development of sperm and adult male characteristics.

Question 15

Ovaries

Answer 15

1. A flower structure that encloses and protects ovules and seeds as they develop. 2. Organ of the female reproductive system in which eggs and estrogen are produced.

Question 16

Fallopian Tubes

Answer 16

A passageway for eggs from an ovary to the uterus.

Question 17

Uterus

Answer 17

The hollow muscular organ of the female reproductive system in which a fertilized egg develops.

Question 18

Estrogen

Answer 18

A hormone produced by the ovaries that controls the development of eggs and adult female characteristics.

Question 19

Menstrual Cycle

Answer 19

The monthly cycle of changes that occurs in the female reproductive system, during which an egg develops and the uterus prepares for the arrival of a fertilized egg.

Question 20

Menstruation

Answer 20

The process in which the thickened lining of the uterus breaks down and blood and tissue then pass out of the female body through the vagina.

Question 21

Ovulation

Answer 21

The process in which a mature egg is released from the ovary into a Fallopian tube.