Controlling Fertility Flashcards
1
Q
What’s the difference in male and female fertility?
A
- males have continuous fertility
- females have cyclic fertility, lasting 1-2 days
2
Q
How can fertile periods be calculated?
A
- a rise in temperature (about 0.5 degrees) the day after ovulation
- cervical mucus thins
3
Q
What are treatments for infertility?
A
- stimulating ovulation
- artificial insemination
- intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)
- in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
4
Q
How does stimulating ovulation treat infertility?
A
- drugs are given to prevent negative feedback of oestrogen on FSH
or
-drugs which mimic FSH and LH which can cause super ovulation
5
Q
How does artificial insemination treat infertility?
A
- semen samples are collected over a period of time and inserted into the females reproductive trac
- useful for low sperm count
- if partner is sterile, donor sperm may be used
6
Q
How does ICSI treat infertility?
A
- head of sperm is drawn into a needle and injected directly into the egg
7
Q
How does IVF treat infertility?
A
- surgical removal of the eggs after hormone stimulation (super ovulation)
- the eggs are then mixed with sperm
- the zygotes formed are incubated then planted into the uterus
8
Q
What can happen during IVF, before implantation?
A
- pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) is used to identify single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities
9
Q
What are the physical methods of contraception?
A
- barrier methods (condoms, diaphragm ect.)
- IUD
- sterilisation
10
Q
What are the chemical methods of contraception?
A
- pills
- implants
11
Q
What does the morning after pill do?
A
- combination of synthetic hormones that mimic negative feedback preventing FSH and LH production, this prevents ovulation or implantation
12
Q
What does the progesterone only/mini pills do?
A
- cause thickening of the cervical mucus
