Controlling Blood Glucose Flashcards
Blood sugar is controlled by …
using which hormones?
…homeostasis
Insulin, glucagon
How insulin and glucagon control the blood sugar level
What puts glucose into the blood?
How is the glucose removed from the blood for use?
Levels of glucose in the … must be kept …
Changes in the ….. ….. are monitored and controlled by the … using the hormones … and …
Eating foods containing carbs goes into the blood from the gut
Normal metabolism of the cells, vigorous exercise removes even more
blood, steady
blood glucose, pancreas, insulin, glucagon
If blood glucose levels are too high….
insulin is added
If blood glucose levels are too low….
glucagon is added
Describe the process and fix of when the pancreas finds too much blood glucose…. (5)
Blood with too much glucose reaches the pancreas
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas after it detects this
The blood with too much glucose and the insulin travel to the liver.
Glucose is removed by the liver, the insulin goes into the liver and turns the glucose into glycogen
The blood leaves with the right amount of glucose and insulin
Insulin makes the liver….
turn glucose into glycogen
Describe the process and fix of when the pancreas finds too little blood glucose…. (5)
Blood with too little glucose reaches the pancreas
Glucagon is secreted by the pancreas after it detects this
The blood with too little glucose and the glucagon travel to the liver.
GLUcose is added to the blood by the liver as the GLUcagon goes into the liver making the liver turn GLYcogen into GLUcose
The blood leaves with the right amount of glucose and no glucagon
Glucagon makes the liver…
turn glycogen into glucose
What is wrong with people with diabetes?
The two process adding glucagon or insulin do not function properly
Type 1 diabetes is caused by ….
This is where the …
What can happen to the person’s blood glucose level?
a lack of insulin
pancreas produces little or no insulin
It can rise to a level that can kill them
How can you prevent high blood sugar for Diabetes Type 1? (2)
1. Do this.
Why do these cause high blood sugar levels.
What can you do that isn’t very good…
- Or do this…
The liver will do what, (pancreas function 1.)
This stops what?
What does the amount of insulin injected depend on?
- Avoid food rich in simple carbs - e.g sugars
The digestion of simple carbs causes glucose levels to rise rapidly
It can be helpful to exercise after eating to try to use up the extra glucose produced in digestion, but this isn’t very practical - Inject insulin into the blood at mealtimes, (especially if the meal is high in simple carbs)
This will make the liver remove the glucose as soon as it enters the the blood from the gut where the food is being digested.
This stops the level of glucose in the blood from getting too high and is a very effective treatment.
Diet and how active they are.
How have treatments for diabetes improved?
Farm animals? (3)
Insulin used to be extracted from the pancreases of pigs or cows
But now human insulin can be made by genetic engineering .
This human insulin doesn’t cause adverse reactions in patients like animal’s insulin did.
How have treatments for diabetes improved?
Insulin injections? (1. What does it do, 2. what’s it like having? 3. But what do they still have?)
Help to control a person’s blood glucose level
It’s controlled as accurately as having a normal working pancreas
So they may still have long term health problems
How have treatments for diabetes improved?
Pancreas transplant? (2)
But…
Diabetics can have these.
A successful operation means the patient will never have to inject themselves again
But the body can reject the tissue, immunosupressants need to be taken with serious side effects
How have treatments for diabetes improved?
modern artificial pancreases and stem cell research could mean the end of organ rejection.
