controlling Flashcards
What does controlling mean in an organization?
Ensuring activities are performed as per plans and resources are used effectively and efficiently for achieving predetermined goals.
Controlling is a goal-oriented function.
Is controlling a primary function of every manager?
Yes, controlling is a primary function of every manager.
It is a pervasive function that should not be misunderstood as the last function of management.
What does the controlling function analyze?
It finds out how far actual performance deviates from standards, analyzes causes, and attempts corrective actions.
This is crucial for maintaining organizational goals.
How does controlling help in accomplishing organizational goals?
It guides the organization and keeps it on the right track to achieve goals.
This ensures that the activities align with the strategic objectives.
What is the relationship between planning and controlling?
Planning and controlling are inseparable twins of management.
One cannot function effectively without the other.
What are the steps in the controlling process?
- Setting performance standards
- Measurement of actual performance
- Comparison of actual performance with standards
- Analyzing deviations
- Taking corrective action
These steps create a systematic approach to controlling.
What should performance standards be set in?
Both quantitative and qualitative terms.
Examples include cost, revenue, product units for quantitative, and employee motivation for qualitative.
What does the measurement of actual performance involve?
It should be measured in an objective and reliable manner using techniques like personal observation and performance reports.
Measurement should ideally occur after the task is completed.
What is critical point control?
It focuses on key result areas (KRAs) critical to the success of an organization.
It is neither economical nor easy to check every activity.
What is management by exception?
A principle based on controlling only significant deviations that go beyond permissible limits.
This avoids overwhelming management with unnecessary details.
What are some examples of corrective action?
- Change quality specifications for defective material
- Repair or replace defective machinery
- Undertake technological upgrades for obsolete machinery
- Modify defective processes
- Improve physical conditions of work
Corrective actions aim to prevent future deviations.
What is an Autocratic or Authoritarian leadership style?
A style where the leader gives orders and expects obedience, often involving one-way communication.
Effective for productivity and quick decision-making.
What characterizes a Democratic or Participative leadership style?
The leader develops action plans and makes decisions in consultation with subordinates, encouraging participation.
This style is common in modern organizations.
What is the Laissez Faire or Free-rein leadership style?
A style where the leader gives high independence to followers to formulate their own objectives, providing support as needed.
It emphasizes autonomy in the group.
Can a leader combine different leadership styles?
Yes, a leader may choose to exercise a combination of styles when required.
Flexibility in leadership can enhance effectiveness.
