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4090 final > controlled substances > Flashcards

controlled substances Flashcards

1
Q

controlled substance

A

a drug which has been declared by federal or state law to be illegal for sale or use, but may be dispensed under a physician’s prescription
bases for control and regulation is danger of addiction abuse physical and mental harm, including death, trafficking by illegal means, and the dangers from actions of those who have used the substances

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2
Q

controlled substances act of 1970

A

five categories

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3
Q

schedule I

A

no currently accepted medical use in US, lack of accepted safety for use under medical supervision and a high potential for abuse
heroin, LSD, marijuana

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4
Q

schedule II

A

high potential for abuse which may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence
opium, codeine, oxycodone

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5
Q

schedule III

A

potential for abuse less than substances in schedule I or II and abuse may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence
buprenorphine, codeine w/tylenol

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6
Q

schedule IV

A

low potential for abuse relative to substances in schedule III
alprazolam, carisoprodol

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7
Q

schedule V

A

low potential for abuse relative to schedule IV and consist primarily of preparations containing limited quantities of certain narcotics

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8
Q

amphetamine and methamphetamine

A

schedule II stimulant
first medical product for head colds
prescription in 1951
2009 DEA estimated mexican cartels controlled 80% all meth in US

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9
Q

manufacturing meth

A

three ways
red P
nazi method
one pot shake n bake

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10
Q

red p

A

pseudo tablets
red phosphorous
iodine
Hydrogen peroxide
solvent
strong base
HCl gas or sulfuric acid
tablet pull, red P + iodine + pseudo + water, base then solvent, salting out, icing
icing is last step, last stage of processing
trying to make pdt look pretty
ingredients: water, acetone, cutting agent

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11
Q

nazi method

A

tablets, ammonia anhydrous, lithium, water, solvent, HCl

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12
Q

one pot shake n bake

A

tablets, ammonium nitrate or fertilizer, strong base, solvent, lithium, water

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13
Q

dangers of meth lab

A

harsh chemicals
sodium hydroxide, lithium, phosphine gas, solvent toxicity, white phosphorous (looks like meth but actual explosive)
vapors at icing lab
closed refrigerator and light bulb
one pot: explosion
TATP (triacetate triperoxide)
hydrogen peroxide, sulfuric acid, acetone, organic solvent
looks like meth

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14
Q

winning the war on drugs?

A

combat methamphetamine act 2005
OTC meds contain gin ehh/pseudo restricted behind counter
daily and monthly purchase limits
form of identification
comprehensive meth control act 1996
alternate chemicals in OTC drugs, phenylephrine
alternate processes P2P

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15
Q

side notes for meth

A

meth mouth, salivary flow reduction
saliva flushes away bacteria
meth users might be soda junkies too
bruxism, teeth grinding
smuggling
soaked cards/letters, big rig axles, unlimited ways of bringing It in

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16
Q

heroin

A

schedule I, narcotic analgesic

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17
Q

history heroin

A

opium used for medicinal purposes by assyrians
1803 isolation of morphine
1800s opium used to treat diarrhea and suppress tuberculosis coughs
1974, synthesis of heroin

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18
Q

opiates vs opioids

A

opiates are natural opiods
opioids are all natural, semi-synthetic, and man made

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19
Q

production of heroin

A

specific poppy
papaver somniferum
Afghanistan Myanmar and mexico

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20
Q

heroin synthesis

A

extract raw opium from poppy
dissolve in water and add lime
calcium morphenate
add ammonium chloride or ethyl acetate
morphine base
add acetic anhydride and Na2CO3
heroin base
dissolve in ethyl enter for black tar heroin
add HCL for brown heroin
dissolve in ethyl ether add HCL and EtOH for white heroin

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21
Q

production

A

injectable heroin includes acetic acid, vinegar
black tar heroin is made in mexico
cutting agents are APAP, caffeine, lactose, mannitol, procaine, starch, diphenhydramine, and possibly other drugs

22
Q

side notes for heroin

A

usage
injection, needle sharing or reusing needles, chasing the dragon
combo drugs
speedball , stimulant
cheese, Tylenol PM
withdrawals
anxiety problems
alprazolam, new market!
counterfeit tablets

23
Q

fentanyl

A

schedule II
synthetic opiod
narcotic analgesic

24
Q

history of fentanyl

A

1960 developed by Janssen pharm
1970s medical personnel abuse
other similar structures
alpha-methylfentanyl
carfentanil
medicinal use, patches, lollipops, buccal soluble films

25
Q

fentanyl safety

A

carfentanil, OD is 20 micrograms
a grain of salt is 50 micrograms
LD50 is 2 mg
first responders have CPR risk
lab personnel have inhalation risk
narcan

26
Q

phencyclidine , PCP

A

schedule II
dissociative anesthetic
psychological drug

27
Q

pcp history

A

1957 parke davis manufacturered sernyl
1965 taken off market, bad side effects
1967, sernylan for animals
late 1970s, all legal maufacturering stopped
now pop is only made via clandestine labs

28
Q

pcp manufacturing

A

bucket 1: piperidine, water, sodium cyanide
bucket 2: sodium metabisulfate, cyclohexane, water
bucket 1 and 2 make PCC
Grignard reagent: magnesium turnings, ether, bromobenzene
pcc nad Grignard reagent make PCP

29
Q

safety first and side notes pcp

A

cyanide
solvents: bromobenzene cyclohexane ether
magnesium turnings are water reactive, similar to Li, but not as bad
PCP is made during the summer
TCP Is an analog of PCP

30
Q

cocaine

A

schedule II stimulant

31
Q

cocaine history

A

andes mountains
1884 Local anesthetic
1860 first used by amber nieman
1890s US workers
Coca-cola
Colombia, peru, bolivia
cocaine found naturally in the coca plant

32
Q

manufacturing cocaine

A

coca leaves plus alkali stuff plus water,
add kerosene, leaves and water thrown out
add acid and alkaline stuff, paste is formed
add acid and water to paste
add oxidizer to get rid of impurities
keep only liquid solution
cocaine in base form

cocaine base plus acetone
add acid
cocaine salt

cocaine salt plus water
add baking soda
heat, remove excess liquid
crack cocaine

crack is schedule I drug

33
Q

safety and side notes cocaine

A

cocaine labs not typical for US
chemicals include acids and bases
but it is a white powder
cutting agents:
APAP, caffeine, lactose, levamisole, lidocaine, quinine
used to dilute/change drugs with something less expensie
contaminants, adulterants, diluents, by-products
pharmacologically active ing
give either synergistic/antagonistic effects

34
Q

marijuana

A

cannabis sativa
schedule I
variable psychophysical actions, effects range from relaxing intoxication to anxiety and panic attacks

35
Q

history marijuana

A

used as early as 3000 BC medicinally as an anesthetic attentive enhancer and for constipation
introduced to n America by settlers in 1600s
predominantly used fo hemp fiber to make rope and clothing
mid 1800s pharaceutical companies begin marketing marijuana containing products
marijuana tax of 1937 made possession or transfer for marijuana illegal except medical or industrial uses, which were heavily taxed
controlled substances act of 1970 repealed tax act
and now?
CA adult use of marijuana act, recreational use since 2016

36
Q

butane honey oil

A

manufacturing:
blasting tube
lots of butane
very flammable

37
Q

marijuana and its chemical components

A

delta-9-tetryhydrocannabiniol (THC)
main psychoactive ingredient
somewhat polar
BP: 315 F
solubility in water, about 10 mg per gallon
terpenes and terpenoids
produced by most plants
name comes from turpentine
very non-polar (like oil)
proteins, sugars, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, amino acids
none of these are desired products in concentrated cannabis
we only want THC and terpenes
terpenes have no psychoactive effects, fragrance (aromatic) chemicals, hash taste

38
Q

review of polarity in solvents

A

like dissolves like
water is polar and ionic
sugars salts, acids, all things we don’t want
alcohol is polar and covalent
dissolves other polar covalent compounds
sugars, terpenes, other alcohols, cannabinoids
things we do want in hash
butane is non-polar covalent
dissolves terpenes, hydrocarbons, cannabinoids, things we do want in hash

39
Q

problems with solvents used

A

butane and alcohol are most common
volatile organic compounds
evaporate faster than water
flammable

40
Q

chem properties

A

flammable chemicals have a point at which enough of the chemical exists in the air that it will ignite in the presence of an ignition source
lower explosive limit
just to clarify there is also an upper explosive limit, UEL
not typically encountered

41
Q

breakdown of butane

A

LEL:1.8%
when air next to ignition source (stove, smoking cigarette guy) has 1.8% butane, it will cause a flash fire/explosion
when liquid butane evaporates to become a gas, it expands about 230 times, one 12 oz can becomes 2760 ounces (21 1/2 gallons) of pure butane gass
since only 1.8% of air needs butane, you can see it doesn’t take much to get a room or garage to LEL

42
Q

breakdown of ethanol

A

LEL: 3.3%
evaporates, expands 850 times. One 12 ox bottle of ever clear, (151 proof, 75.5% ethanol) becomes 7700 ounces about 96 gallons of pure gas

43
Q

one more possibility

A

supercritical fluid extraction
compresses carbon dioxide to high enough pressures that it becomes liquid
CO2 is not flammable
huge pressure is still a danger

44
Q

chemical structures

A

polarity of solvent matters
butane and ethanol are best
water is not effective
volatility of solvent is important
good: for users, extracts THC with decent efficiency and evaporates quickly leaving concentrated cannabis
bad: flammable, explosive mixtures in air
ugly: for first responders
same vapors that already ignited can build up again and re-ignite

45
Q

crime lab testing

A

every person who manufactures compounds converts produces derives processes prepares either directly or indirectly by chem extraction or independently by means of chem synthesis any controlled substance shall be punished
unless otherwise provided by law

46
Q

criminalists point of view

A

what we need to form a scientific opinion of BHO lab
extraction tube, apparatus that shows processing
source material, marijuana, ideally from tube
filter or screen, one from tube is best
finished product, collected from filter/screen or from pyrex type baking dish or silicone mat
indication of solvents used, butane or alcohol

47
Q

safety first

A

false sense of security
BHO extraction may seem simple, but these chemicals can and DO cause property damage and severe burns
not considered as other controlled substances, just marijuana
do not simply handle extraction tube
similarities b/n BHO tubes and pipe bombs

48
Q

other drugs

A

MDMA, LSD< GHB, steroids, synthetic cathinones, synthetic cannabinoids, DMT, ketamine, peyote

49
Q

presumptive tests

A

color
crystals
logo ID

50
Q

confirmatory tests

A

FTIR, GC/MS,
Raman

4090 final (6 decks)

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