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Control system > Control system > Flashcards

Control system Flashcards

1
Q

A) Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • contains the brain and spinal cord
  • coordinates all incoming and outgoing information
  • controls; speaking, walking, eating
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2
Q

B) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS

A
  • communicates between the CNS and the rest of the body
  • divided to Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
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3
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A
  • contains nerves of the skin, skeletal muscle and bone
  • voluntary control
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4
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A
  • nerves which control internal organs
  • involuntary
  • divided to the sympathetic & parasympathetic systems
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5
Q

Sympathetic systems

A
  • “fight or flight” system
  • response to stress or emergencies
  • body for quick action; This includes increasing heart rate, dilating the pupils, redirecting blood flow to the muscles, and releasing adrenaline.
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6
Q

Parasympathetic

A
  • “rest and digest” system because it generally promotes relaxation and recovery from the stress
  • slowing the heart rate, increasing intestinal and glandular activity, and promoting digestion.
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7
Q

Parts of neuron

A

Dendrite
Cell body
Nucleus
Axon
Myelin Sheath
Terminal Branches
Synaptic Knob
Synapse

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8
Q

Dendrite

A

Branches of a Neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to cell body

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9
Q

Cell Body

A
  • Part of axon that contains a nucleus
  • Controls neuron activity
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10
Q

Nucleus

A

Contains DNA of the cell

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11
Q

Axon

A

Axon – cytoplasmic tail that carries the nerve impulse to other nerves or effector

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12
Q

Myelin sheath

A
  • Myelin sheath -fatty covering along the axon
  • speed up the rate of impulse transmission along the axon
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13
Q

Synapse

A
  • contain a chemical (neurotransmitter) that passes the impulse from neuron to neuron
  • transmit impulses in one direction only
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14
Q

Terminal branches

A

end of the axon, contain neurotransmitters, send messages

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15
Q

3 major parts of the brain

A

cerebrum
cerebellum
brainstem

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16
Q

Cerebrum

A
  • responsible for interpreting sensory information, thinking and planning, controlling voluntary activities
  • is divided into 2 hemispheres (halves) connected by the corpus collosum to allow communication via the thalamus (relay station)

a) Left Hemisphere = controls language, math and the right side of the body

b) Right Hemisphere =controls emotions, creativity and left side of the body

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17
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • behind the cerebrum
  • responsible for balance, action of muscles and coordination of movement
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18
Q

Brain Stem (Medulla Oblongata)

A
  • contains the vagus nerve which controls vital involuntary life processes such as breathing, heart rate, digestion

-cerebrospinal fluid protect the brain from injury

19
Q

Pons

A

area of the brain stem responsible for relaying information between the PNS and CNS

20
Q

4 Lobes of Cerebrum

A

Temporal
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital

21
Q

Frontal lobe

A

responsible for voluntary movement, reasoning and judgment

22
Q

Temporal lobe

A

responsible for hearing, language, memory and emotions

23
Q

Parietal lobe

A

sensory information and association

24
Q

Occipital lobe

A

vision and visual recognition

25
Q

Types of Neuron

A

Sensory neuron
Motor neuron
interneuron

26
Q

Sensory neuron

A

receives an impulse from a receptor & passes it to the control center (CNS

27
Q

Motor neuron

A

carries impulses to an effector, such as a muscle, or a gland

28
Q

Interneuron

A

transmit the impulses from a sensory neuron to a motor neuron, or vice versa

29
Q

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

A

Name, Location, and main function of each Gland

30
Q

Pituitary

A
  • “master gland”
  • Location: at the interior base of brain just below & connected to the hypothalamus
  • Main Job: controls all the ENDOCRINE glands based on instructions from the hypothalmus
31
Q

Thyroid

A
  • Location: at the base of the neck near the larynx
  • Function: regulates metabolism and bone length
  • Thyroxin
32
Q

Pineal

A
  • Location: in the brain posterior to the pituitary and hypothalmus
  • Function: regulates circadian rhythms
  • Melatonin
33
Q

Thymus

A
  • Location: in the upper chest
  • Function- controls the growth of white blood cells (help fight infection)
  • thymocin
34
Q

Parathyroid

A
  • Location: 4 small glands imbedded in the back of the thyroid gland
  • Function: controls the metabolism of calcium = healthy bones, teeth
  • parathyroid hormone, calcitonin
35
Q

Pancreas

A
  • Locations: Structures in the pancreas
  • Function: crucial to the metabolism of glucose in the blood
  • insulin: allows glucose to enter cells for metabolism and processing
  • glucagon: allows glycogen to be retrieved from the liver and converted back to glucose when blood sugar is low
36
Q

Adrenal

A
  • Location: found on the superior (top) to each kidneys
  • two parts
  • Function: control the fight and flight response
  • adrenalin, cortisol, etc
37
Q

Gonads
Ovaries (female)
Testes (male)

A
  • Location lower abdominal cavity or groin
  • Function: regulate sexual growth, development and reproductive behavior (sex drive)

Males = testosterone
Females = Estrogen, progesterone

38
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Location: area of the brain, near the front
  • function: Releases hormones based on information from the nervous system
    : controls the Endocrine system
  • Dopamine, serotonin, etc
39
Q

Insulin

A
  • regulate glucose(sugar from the foods you eat) Every cell in your body needs glucose for energy.
  • Insulin must open the cell to allow it to use glucose for energy.
  • the pancreas releases glucagon to trigger the liver to change our fat cells into usable glucose
40
Q

Diabetes

A
  • Type 1, Type 2
  • Each type of diabetes involves the pancreas not functioning properly
41
Q

Type 1

A
  • Need insulin shots daily
  • Your immune system attacks the cells that produce insulin in your pancreas
  • Permanent damage
  • overload of sugar(glucose) that remains in the blood stream which can become toxic and life threatening.
42
Q

Type 2

A
  • Insulin resistance
  • body no longer uses insulin well
  • pancreas is still producing insulin, but it’s just not enough to accomplish the job
  • It is often associated with obesity, unhealthy eating habits, and the sedentary lifestyle
43
Q
A

Control system (1 decks)

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