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151/23/005 > Control Principles 1 > Flashcards

Control Principles 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Draw the NOT GATE

A

see sheet

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2
Q

What are the values in the truth table for the NOT gate

A

A F
0 1
1 0

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3
Q

Draw the AND Gate

A

see sheet

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4
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the AND GATE

A

A B F
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

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5
Q

Draw the NAND GATE

A

See sheet

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6
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the NAND

A

A B F
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

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7
Q

Draw the OR Gate

A

See sheet

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8
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the OR Gate

A

A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

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9
Q

Draw the NOR Gate

A

See sheet

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10
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the NOR Gate

A

A B F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

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11
Q

Draw the XOR gate

A

See sheet

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12
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the XOR gate

A

A B F
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

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13
Q

Draw the XNOR Gate

A

See sheet

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14
Q

what are the values in the truth table for the XNOR Gate

A

A B F
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1

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15
Q

name the three particles found in an atom and state the charge on each

A

proton- positive
neutron - neutral
electron - negative

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16
Q

draw an energy ray band diagram showing the difference between an insulator, a conductor and a semiconductor

A

see sheet

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17
Q

explain intrinsic conduction

A

intrinsic conduction is the movement of charge carriers within pure silicon
either electrons or holes when a voltage is applied.
The free carriers are produced by thermal thermal generation of electron hole pairs

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18
Q

Explain the effect of a dopant atom in P type material

A

P type doped with trivalent material (3 valance electrons) such as boron
these electrons will form covalent bonds with adjacent silicon atoms
however there will be a hole increasing the number of free holes

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19
Q

explain the effect of a dopant atom in N type material

A

N type doped with pentavalent material (5 valence electrons) such as Phosphorus
4 electrons will form covalent bonds and the 5th one is free
increasing the number of free electrons

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20
Q

define the majority and minority carries in
a) P type material
b) N type material

A

p type - majority charge carriers are electrons
- minority charge carriers are holes
n type - majority charge carriers are holes
- minority charge carries are electrons

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21
Q

explain extrinsic conduction

A

Current flow that occurs in doped semiconductor material due to movement of majority carriers when a voltage is applied.​​​

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22
Q

define electron hole pair

A

when electrons in covalent bonds gain enough energy, they will break free leaving a hole

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23
Q

define free electron

A

an electron that has gain enough energy and has moved from the valence band to the conduction band

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24
Q

define donor atom

A

a penta-valent dopant atom, that will donate a free electron to the crystal lattice

25
define acceptor atom
a tri-valent dopant atom that will produce a free hole, which will accept a free electron
26
define tri-valent material
a dopant atom with only 3 valence electrons
27
define penta- valent material
a dopant atom with only 5 valence electrons
28
define valence electrons
the electrons in the outer shell that have the most energy and are more easily released from the atom
29
define recombination
when an electron loses energy it will drop back down from the conduction band into a hole in the valence band
30
define conduction band
highest energy band, electrons that break free from the valence band will move into the conduction band and be available for conduction
31
explain the the formation of the depletion region in a PN junction diode
Gains one electron and becomes a negative ion loses one electron and becomes a positive ion
32
describe what happens when a PN junction diode is forward biased
The anode is anode is made positive with respect to the Cathode by at least 0.6V. Positive holes repelled from positive terminal negative electrons repelled from negitve terminal depletion region closes
33
describe what happens when a PN junction diodes is reversed biased
the anode is made negative with respect to the cathode positive holes attracted to negative terminal negative electrons attracted to positive terminal depletion region increases
34
identify which semiconductor diode the graph below is for ( see drawings) What do the letters A to H represent?
silicon diode A If B - Ir C - Vr D - Vf E - reversed bias region F - forward bias region G - avalanche breakdwn H - leakage current
35
Draw the symbol pf a PN jucntion diode and indicate the direction of conventional and electron current flow normal operation
see drawing
36
Which end of a diode is always marked
cathode
37
draw the symbol for a zener diode and indicated the direction of conventional current for normal operation
see drawing
37
explain how you would test a suspect diode. What reading would you expect A) a good silicon diode B)a good germaruim diode
use a multi-meter diode test function A) 0.6V B) 0.2V
38
draw the symbol for an LED, explain electroluminescence and state is advantages
when a light-emitting diode is switched on, electrons recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. advantages: lower energy consumption longer lifetime improved physical robustness smaller size faster switching
39
draw the symbol of a photodiode
see drawings
40
draw the symbol of a thyristor, label the terminals. What two conditions must be met for the thyristor to conduct. what is the process of turning off a thyristor called?
the device must be forward bias the anode must be postive with respect to the cathode the gate signal must be applied the process of switching the device off is known as as commutation
41
draw the circuit of an optocoupler and explain its operation
the LED converts input signal into light it is sent across the dielectric channel where the photodiode transforms light back in to electric signal
42
draw and describe the current flow through a half wave rectifier
when A is positive with respect to B, current will flow through A > diode > RL > B diode is forward biased when is positive with to A no current will flow as diode is reverse biased
43
draw and describe the current flow of a full wave rectifier that uses a centre tapped transformer. explain why current flow is through a certain diode and not the other
when A is positive with respect to C, current will flow A > D1 >RL > C D1 is forward biased no current will flow through D2 as it is revresed biased when B is positive with respect to C, current will flow B > D2 > RL > C D2 is forward biased No current will flow through D1 as it is reversed biased on both half cycles, current flows in same direction
44
explain the operation of a bridge rectifier. Describe the current flow through the circuit and explain why current flow is through certain diodes and not others
when A is positive with respect to B. current will flow through A > D1 > RL > D3 > B D1 & D3 are forward biased No current will flow through D2 & D4 as they are reverse biased When B is positive with respect to A, current will flow B > D2 > RL > D4 > A D2 and D3 as they are reversed biased on both half cycles, current flows in same direction
45
what is the advantage of the bridge rectifier over a centre tapped full wave rectifier
We are measuring with respect to the centre tap, peak voltage across the load will only be half of the secondary voltage across the transformer centre tapped transformers are bulky and expensive
46
explain how the value of reservoir capacitor or the value of the load resistance affects the output of a full wave rectifier
when resistance or capacitance is increased then the time constant must increase the time taken for the capacitor to discharge will increase, creating a smoother ripple similarly if the resistance or capacitance is decreased then the time constant must decrease, casing the ripple to be bigger
47
draw a block diagram of a power supply unit
see drawing
48
draw a shunt Zener voltage regulator circuit
see drawing
49
Draw the BS symbol and characteristics for a Zener diode
see drawing
50
explain how a shunt Zener voltage regulator circuit works
when the reverse bias is sufficient to cause the Zener to breakdown Causing the current to be within the operating region The voltage across the Zener remains constant As the zener is in parallel with the load, the voltage across the load remains constant
51
what is the function of the resistor in a shunt Zener diode regulator
the purpose of Rs is to limit the maximum current through the zener when the load is removed
52
show the construction and principles of operation of an NPN transistor
53
explain how a transistor can be used as a switch
open - no current flow - no voltage drops across RC - V out = VCC closed - IC MAX - max voltage drops - V out = 0V
54
Using the diagram circuit of a common emitter amplifier, explain its operation over one cycle of input AC
Vin ^, Vbe^, IB^, Ic^, VRC^,Vout ↓ Vin ↓, Vbe↓, IB↓, Ic↓, VRC↓,Vout ^
55
Draw the circuit symbol of an NPN transistor
see sheet
56
draw a diagram showing the 3 transistor configurations
see sheet
57
describe how you would test an NPN transistor include readings to expect
connect red lead to base black lead to collector/emitter good reading 0,6V (forward bias) connect black lead to base read lead to collector/emitter good reading = O/L ( reverse bias)

151/23/005 (13 decks)

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