Control of Respiration Flashcards
(51 cards)
Dorsal Respiratory Group
Inspiration; generates AP during inspiration with phrenic nerve and intercostal nerves
Pneumotaxic Center
inhibits Dorsal Respiratory Group; this “turns off” inspiration
Apneustic Center
overrides inhibitory input of Pneumotaxic center to help DRG prolong inspiration
Ventral Respiratory Group
neurons active during FORCED expiration and inspiration
What are the three types of lung receptors?
- ) Stretch receptors - (Hering-Breuer reflex) in airways
- ) Irritant receptors - from inhaling irritants: decrease TV while increasing respiratory rate (fast/shallow breathes)
- ) Juxtacapillary Receptors - next to pulmonary capillaries and are sensitive to excessive fluid; pneumonia (decreases TV)
When is the Hering-Breuer reflex activated and what does it inhibit?
Activated from stretch during inspiration;
Inhibits Dorsal Respiratory Group which results in expiration
What do peripheral chemoreceptors monitor?
Arterial PO2 and [H+], maybe some CO2…
What do central chemoreceptors monitor?
ONLY CO2 because it crosses blood-brain barrier, and is sensitive to changes in CSF [H+]
Where are peripheral chemoreceptors found and how do they work?
The carotid and aortic bodies.
Work via negative feedback, when PO2 level is low, we breathe more in
Where are central chemoreceptors and how do they work?
Near respiratory centers in the brainstem.
Very sensitive to small changes in arterial PCO2 about a normal range
How do PO2 levels effect ventilation?
Does not really effect it until levels are very low (40mmHg)
How do PCO2 levels effect ventilation?
More CO2 in blood, the more you breathe (very sensitive central chemoreceptors)
How do [H+] levels effect ventilation?
Similar to PCO2
What can COPD do to monitoring levels of O2 and CO2 levels?
Disrupts set-point and makes it higher, the body adapts by closely monitoring O2 levels, not CO2 like it should!
What does increasing exercise intensity do to O2?
Does not really change because you breathe in and out to compensate!
What does increasing exercise intensity do to CO2?
CO2 actually decreases because we breathe more!
What does increasing exercise intensity do to [H+]?
Not big change until lactic threshold is reached, then [H+] in blood rises
What does Cheyne-Strokes breathing look like, and what could cause it?
Waves all over the place;
Brain trauma or severe heart failure
What does apneustic breathing look like and why does it occur?
Long, large periods of inspiration (sighs) because apneustic center overrides pneumotaxic center to let DRG do its thang
What is obstructive sleep apnea? And what is it associated with?
Closing of pharynx during inspiration and arousal by respiratory drive. Associated with obesity
What increases the incidence of sleep apnea?
Surgery or daytime drowsiness
You may use a splint or CPAP if you have sleep apnea because it is a ______________ problem.
Structural
Volume limitation has to do with (restrictive/obstructive) diseases:
Restrictive
Flow limitation has to do with (restrictive/obstructive) diseases:
Obstructive (limit flow through airways)
