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Microbiology > Control of Microbial Growth I > Flashcards

Control of Microbial Growth I Flashcards

1
Q

Who revolutionized surgery by introducing methods to prevent infection of wounds

A

Joseph Lister

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2
Q

Sterilization

A

kills ALL microbes including endospores (does not consider prions)

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3
Q

T/F sterilization kills prions

A

False

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4
Q

Disinfection

A

Removal of almost all microbial life forms except endospores

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5
Q

What are two ways to preform disinfection

A

disinfectants: cleans surfaces
antiseptics: cleans skin, milder than disinfectants

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6
Q

What is pasteurization

A

Brief heating to reduce the number of spoilage organisms, destroys pathogens

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7
Q

Why isn’t pasteurization a form of sterilization

A

because it is only reducing microbes, never ever free of microbes but still safe to consume because it is rid of pathogens

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8
Q

Why is it hard to sterilize food products

A

Because it can alter the flavor, color and nutritional value of food

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9
Q

What is decontamination and give an example

A
  • mechanical removal of microbes
  • ex: wiping up a bacterial spill with paper towels
  • will never remove all of the microbes
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10
Q

T/F there is a set level to achieve with decontamination

A

False, not specific set level, it is very subjective. What is decontaminated to you may not be to me

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11
Q

What is Sanitization and give an example

A

Removal of microbes until it meets a specific health standard specified
-Mechanical and Chemical process
EX: cleaning silverware and glasses in food industry

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12
Q

What is preservation

A

the process of delaying spoilage of foods and other perishable products
-aimed at reducing or inhibiting the number of microbes

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13
Q

What are bacteriostatic preservatives

A

don’t kill the microbes, just slow their growth; can be any process that inhibits the growth of microbes

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14
Q

What are 5 different places microbial control would be needed

A
  1. daily life
  2. hospitals
  3. Microbiology labs
  4. Food production facilities
  5. Water treatment facilities
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15
Q

T/F there is always an ideal method for selection of effective control procedures

A

False

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16
Q

What are dependent factors when choosing a control method

A
  1. Type and number of microbes
  2. Environmental conditions
  3. Risk of infection
  4. Composition of infected item
17
Q

What is the order (most to least) of resistance among different microbes

A
  1. prions
  2. endospores
  3. Acid Fast Bacteria (mycobacterium)
  4. Gram Negative Bacteria
  5. Naked virus
  6. Gram positive Bacteria
  7. Envelope virus
18
Q

Selection of an Antimicrobial procedure: Type of microorganism (3 considerations)

A
  1. Is it a bacterial endospore, bacteria or virus
  2. Protozoan cysts and oocysts are resistant to disinfectants (excreted in feces)
  3. Pseudomonas species are resistant and can actually grow in some disinfectants
19
Q

T/F all microbes are killed at once in any method

A

False, linear decrease, and mixed populations of different microbes with different susceptibilities will take various amounts of time based on what phase they are within their life cycle

20
Q

What is the D-value

A

Decimal reduction time, the time it takes to kill 90% of population under specific conditions
-gauges commercial effectiveness

21
Q

T/F it takes a larger population more time to die

A

True

22
Q

T/F Removing organisms by washing increases time

A

False, decreases time

23
Q

What are three environmental conditions to take into consideration

A
  1. organic matter
  2. pH
  3. Temperature
24
Q

Consideration of organic matter

A

Dirt, grease, body fluids will interfere with heat penetration, action of chemicals. The disinfectant will be taken away by the interaction with the organic matter and will not be used to kill the microbes

25
Q

Consideration of pH

A

lower pH is more effective

26
Q

Consideration of Temperature

A

temperature will affect the enzymatic reactions within these microbes and are slightly enhanced by higher temperatures

27
Q

What are the three levels to consider for risk of infection

A
  1. Critical items
  2. Semicritical instruments
  3. non-critical instruments
28
Q

Critical items

A
  • come in contact with body tissues
  • must be sterile
  • includes needles and scalpels
29
Q

Semicritical instruments

A
  • comes in contact with mucous membranes but does not penetrate body tissues
  • can be disinfected, not sterilized
  • Must be free of viruses and vegetative bacteria
  • includes endoscopes and endotracheal tubes
30
Q

non-critical instruments

A
  • Contact unbroken skin only
  • Low risk of transmission
  • sanitized or decontaminated, sometimes may be disinfected
  • countertops, stethoscopes, blood pressure cuffs
31
Q

T/F Heat is appropriate for plastics and other sensitive items

A

False

32
Q

T/F Irradiation can be an alternative for heat

A

Sometimes true, may still damage some types of plastic

33
Q

When can moist heat and liquid chemical disinfectants not be used

A

to treat moisture-sensitive material

Microbiology (7 decks)

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