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Microbiology > Control Of Microbial Growth > Flashcards

Control Of Microbial Growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Sterilization

A

Absolute removal or destruction of all microbial life and viruses - all microorganism must be removed including endspores

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2
Q

Disinfection

A

Destruction of pathogenic microorganism - kills most but not all microbes

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3
Q

Antisepsis

A

Disinfection of living tissue - requires less harsh of a chemical treatment

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4
Q

Degerming

A

Removal of most microbes from a limited area

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5
Q

Sanitization

A

Lowering the microbial counts on a surface such that they are at a safe level

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6
Q

Bacteriocidal

A

An agent that kills microbes

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7
Q

Bacteriostatic

A

An agent that stops the growth of microbes

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8
Q

Asepsis (aseptic)

A

This is when an area is free of significant contamination

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9
Q

Heat

A

Kills microbes by destroying their fundamental enzymes- bacteriocidal

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10
Q

Boiling

A

Disrupts the protein structure and accomplishes disinfection

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11
Q

Autoclave

A

Uses 15psi of pressure and 121°c of steams.kills all endospores and organisms. Best method for sterilization

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12
Q

Pasteurization

A

Eliminates pathogens and reduce microbial counts -classic treatment is 63°c for minutes

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13
Q

HTST pasteurization

A

High temperature , short-time:72°c for 15 second

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14
Q

UHT pasteurization

A

Ultra - high temperature: 140° for 3 seconds

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15
Q

Dry heat sterilization

A

Several method, kill via oxidation

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16
Q

Direct flaming

A

Sterilize inoculation needles and crops, metallic instruments must be red to be considered sterile

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17
Q

Incineration

A

Effective way to sterilize and dispose of contaminated materials

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18
Q

Drying oven

A

Non - temperature sensitive materials are kept at 170°c for 2 hours

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19
Q

Filtration

A

Vacuum is used to force liquid through a filter with very small pores,used to sterilize temperature sensitive liquid.

20
Q

Air filtration

A

High efficiency particulate Air(HEPA)filters used in some operating room to remove all microbes langer then 0.30 micrometer in diameter

21
Q

Refrigeration

A

Slows or stops microbial growths,and freezing stops microbial growth

22
Q

High pressure

A

High pressure, disturbs protein/ molecular structure, it is bacteriocidal but does not accomplish sterilization

23
Q

Desiccation

A

Used to control microbial growth so it is bacteriostatic, occurs through removal of water (drying), microbes can remain viable in a dehydrated state.

24
Q

Osmotic pressure

A

Movement of water from high to low concentration, it can kill some bacteria so it’s both bacteriocidal and bacteriostatic

25
Q

Radiation

A

Destroys DNA, x- ray and gamma rays penetrate materials, uv and high energy electron beams are used on surfaces.

26
Q

Microwaves

A

Use longer wavelengths,not of high energy to kill organism directly but the high temperature created by the microwaves are used disinfect materials

27
Q

The disk diffusion method

A
  1. ) a disk of filter paper is soaked in the chemical disinfectant
  2. ) the dish is placed on an agar plate that has been inoculated with bacteria.
  3. ) the chemical will diffuse from the paper to the plate
  4. ) the plate is incubated until the bacteria grow
  5. ) the zone of clearance around the bacteria is used to determine the effectiveness of the disinfectant
28
Q

Phenolics and bisphenols

A

Disrupts The plasma membrane and denature protein making it bacteriocidal. Very effective, long lasting and stable with other organic compounds making it suitable for disinfection of surfaces entamimated by saliva, pus and feces. These are mixed with other compound to Lower their toxicity

29
Q

Phenolics examples

A

Lysol used for household disinfection

30
Q

Bisphenol example

A

Hexachlorophene- useful against bacteria that cause skim infection, use with caution because it may cause neurological disorders

Triclosan - used in personal hygiene products and cosmetics

31
Q

Biguanides - chlorhexidine

A

Attacks the plasma membrane, it has broad spectrum of activity and is used to control the skin and mucous membranes.it is bacteriocidal but does not kill endospores

32
Q

Halogens

A

These are chlorine and iodine, they impair protein synthesis and alter membrane. Used as household bleach and iodine which is a every effective antiseptic.

33
Q

Chlorine

A

Used as gas or combined with other chemical. it is a strong oxidizing agent that destroys enzymes.

34
Q

Iodine

A

Most effective antibiotics, available as tincture in solution in aqueous alcohol and lodophore a combination of Iodine and organic molecule.

35
Q

Alcohols

A

Denature proteins, disrupts lipid membranes, it does not kill endospores or non-enveloped viruses. Ethanol and isopropanol are 2 types of alcohol most commonly used.

36
Q

Heavy metal

A

Metals such as copper, silver, zinc, and mercury can inhibit microbes. They are bacteriostatic

37
Q

Silver nitrate (1%)

A

Used as an antiseptic, eye drop for newborn to protect against gonorrhea of the eye

38
Q

Silver sulfadiazine

A

Combination of silver and sulfadiazine drug used as a tropical cream for burns

39
Q

Soaps and detergents

A

Surface agents - Do not work as antiseptics, they are important in the mechanical removal of microbes, soap break up the oil on the skin and the water washes it away , therefore they are good Degerming agents

40
Q

Quaternary ammonium compounds (quats)

A

Cationic detergents: kills most bacteria, fungi and some viruses, they are less effective against gram negative and affect the plasma membrane.

41
Q

Gaseous chemosterilizer

A

Chemical gas used for sterilization

42
Q

Gaseous chemosterilizer example

A

Ethylene oxide kills all microbes including endospores and viruses, is highly penetrating and requires 4-18 hours of exposure

43
Q

Oxidizing agents

A

Oxidize and denature proteins, it is useful against anaerobic organisms

44
Q

Hydrogen peroxide

A

Common antiseptics for wounds

45
Q

Ozone

A

Used with chlorine to disinfect water

46
Q

Benzoyl peroxide

A

Used as an antiseptic on skin, kills anaerobic bacteria living in tissue

Microbiology (3 decks)

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