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Microbiology Test 2 > Control of Microbial growth > Flashcards

Control of Microbial growth Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Infectious microorganisms

A

microorganisms that are capable of causing dz

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2
Q

Contaminant

A

microbes are present that are undesirable or wanted

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3
Q

Nosocomial infection

A

hospital acquired infection

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4
Q

Describe levels of contamination controls in normal house hold conditions vs general medical conditions

A

household =general cleanliness

general medical = general cleanliness plus greater stringency through the routine use of chemical disinfectants

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5
Q

Describe levels of contamination controls of strict transmission control conditions

A

general cleanliness plus, routine use of chemical disinfectants, and greater attention to minimizing transmission of infectious microbes by using PPE, sterile equipment, and air particle control

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6
Q

Describe Biosafety level 1

A
  • No infectious microbes handled
  • general good lab technique
  • think highschool/college lab
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7
Q

Describe Biosafety level 2

A
  • common clinical samples and several unusual pathogens
  • access to lab is limited
  • requires special training
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8
Q

Describe Biosafety level 3

A
  • more unusual or highly transmissible pathogens, like TB
  • Level 2 precautions and routine use of Biosafety Cabinet
  • HEPA filter mask
  • Engineering features in lab, that help contain dangerous materials
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9
Q

Describe Biosafety level 4

A
  • highly infectious, exotic microbes and toxin which there is no vaccine or effective treatment
  • highest levels of special protective equipment
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10
Q

Sterile/sterilization

A 
sterile= free of all microbes
sterilization= techniques to achieve sterilization
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11
Q

Disinfect/Decontamination

A

use of physical procedures or chemical agents to destroy, inhibit, neutralize or remove at least most infectious organisms on an objects surface

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12
Q

Disinfectant

A

agent or method used to carry out disinfection

-high, intermediate and low levels

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13
Q

Antiseptic

A

use of mild disinfectant on skin or other living tissue

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14
Q

Aseptic

A

usually refers to a technique free from contamination or infectious microorganisms

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15
Q

Pasteurization

A

applying heat to kill or significantly reduce the numbers of microbes which can causes spoilage

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16
Q

cide/cidal

A

kills`

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17
Q

state/static

A

inhibit growth

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18
Q

Thermolabile

A

altered or destroyed by heat

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19
Q

Thermostable

A

not easily altered by heat

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20
Q

Rank hardest to kill microbes to easiest to kill.

A
  1. Bacterial endospores
  2. Mycobacterium
  3. Protozoan cysts
  4. Non-enveloped viruses
  5. Vegetative bacteria
  6. Fungi
  7. Non-enveloped viruses
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21
Q

True or False Microbes are killed instantly when exposed to lethal agents

A

False, the become dysfunctional and die over a period of time

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22
Q

How does the presence of organic matter affect microbial killing

A

this material can protect or inactivate disinfectants, and protect microbes from heating or cooling

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23
Q

What does cold do to microbes

A

slows metabolism but does not kill most microbes

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24
Q

What does heat do to microbes

A

disrupts cell membrane making it more fluid an losing selective permeability, denatures proteins, and inactivates nucleic acids

25
Q

What is more effective moist or dry heat

A

moist heat

26
Q

What are the conditions for dry heat disinfection

A

160-180 C for 2 hours

27
Q

What are the disadvantages to dry heat

A

liquids cannot be heated above boiling and organic compounds may denature

28
Q

What are the conditions for moist heat disinfection

A

121 C for 15 minutes, large loads may require longer

29
Q

What are the advantages of using an autoclave

A

pressure counteracts boiling

30
Q

What are the conditions for autoclave disinfectant

A

121 C, 15 lbs or pressure, and 15 minutes

31
Q

True or False pressure in the autoclave helps kills microbes

A

False

32
Q

What are the disadvantages of using moist heat/autoclave

A

-Cannot be used substances that are adversely affected by heat and moisture ie dry chemicals, thermolabile substances

33
Q

Define incineration and when it is used

A

burning or organic material, used for small metal or glass instruments in lab or to destroy medical waste

34
Q

How does gamma radiation kill microbes

A

Nonspecifically alters cellular proteins and nucleic acids

35
Q

Where is gamma radiation used for sterilization

A

Rx, and medical/dental supplies

36
Q

How does electron beam radiation kill microbes

A

alters nucleic acids

37
Q

Where is electron beam radiation used for sterilization

A

to decontaminate packages

38
Q

True or False electron beam and gamma radiation are both ionizing radiation

A

True

39
Q

How does ultraviolet radiation kill microbes

A

Damages nucleic acids and causes mutations

40
Q

What is the optimum wave length for UV sterilizations

A

UV-c rays in the 240-280 nm range, best is 254 nm

41
Q

What is a good source of UV-c radiation

A

Pulsed Xenon

42
Q

What are the disadvantages of UV radiation for sterilization

A

-low penetrating power, and can require exposures ranging from 10 seconds to 30 minutes

43
Q

Describe filtration sterilization

A

use of a 3D matrix membrane that has complex pores that trap microbes.

44
Q

When is filtration sterilization used

A

used for sterilization of thermolabile liquids

45
Q

What is HEPA filtration

A
  • High-Efficiency Particulate Air filter, that uses randomly orientated glass and polymer fibers (non woven)
  • traps 99.97*
46
Q

How does HEPA filters capture microbes

A

through electrostatic interception (most impactful) and the sieve

47
Q

What is a PAPR

A

Powered Air Purifying Respirator, includes HEPA filter, blower and hood

48
Q

What is an N95

A

mask consisting of HEPA oven filters, 90-99% effective

49
Q

What is a biological safety cabinet

A

a contained work area designed to prevent exposure to infectious aerosols. Airflow carries particulate from the user into an area of filtration

50
Q

How does a detergent work

A

They dissolve weak bonds that hold the microbes together

They also loosen the adherence to skin allowing them to be washed off the skin

51
Q

How long do you have to wash your hands w/ detergents to be effective

A

20 secs

52
Q

What is cold plasma ion disinfection

A

an electromagnetic energy field that dissociates molecular bonds creating ions used in HVAC systems

53
Q

What percentage of Glutaraldehyde is needed as a disinfectant and what is it mode of action

A

2-5%

-disrupts structural proteins

54
Q

What percentage of H2O2 is needed as a disinfectant, what is it mode of action, how long does it work

A

Vaporized= 25% works in 6 hrs,

Aqueous=3% works in 2-30 minutes

-formation of free radicals, which are toxic to cells

55
Q

What percentage of Phenolic compounds is needed as a disinfectant and what is it mode of action

A
  1. 4-0.5% works in 2-30 minutes

- disrupts cell walls and membranes and precipitates proteins

56
Q

What is a common phenolic compound

A

Lysol

57
Q

What percentage of Chlorine compounds is needed as a disinfectant and what is it mode of action

A

Gaseous-100 to 1000 ppm

Hypochlorite= 1:10 dilution of bleach

Inactivates enzymes/damages membranes

2-30 minutes

58
Q

What percentage of Alcohol is needed as a disinfectant and what is it mode of action

A

70% most effective

dissolves membrane lipids and coagulates protein

1-10 minutes

Microbiology Test 2 (5 decks)

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