control of mastication

Question 1

what are chewing cycles controlled by?

Answer 1

jaw movements

Question 2

what is food directing controlled by?

Answer 2

cheek movements

Question 3

what is the role of tongue movements?

Answer 3

directing food, crushing food, mixing food, and saliva

Question 4

what is the role of lip movements?

Answer 4

(accepting food), retaining food (anterior oral seal), directing food

Question 5

what type of movement is jaw opening?

Answer 5

hinge

Question 6

what type of movement is wide jaw opening?

Answer 6

hinge and slide

Question 7

what movement is protrusion?

Answer 7

slide

Question 8

what side is bennett movement?

Answer 8

working side

Question 9

what side is the bennett angle?

Answer 9

non working side

Question 10

what does the condyle do on the working side?

Answer 10

rotates around the vertical axis
lateral bodily movement

Question 11

what does the condyle do on the non-working side?

Answer 11

moves downwards
forwards over eminence
moves medially

Question 12

how long does the chewing cycle last?

Answer 12

0.5-1.2 seconds

Question 13

what are the stages of the chewing cycle?

Answer 13

opening
fast closing
slow closing
intercuspal

Question 14

what is the sequence of muscle activation upon opening?

Answer 14

mylohyoid
digastric
lateral pterygoid

Question 15

what is the muscle activation sequence upon closing?

Answer 15

temporalis
masseter
medial pterygoid

Question 16

what force can be produces upon mastication?

Answer 16

150N

Question 17

what force can be produced between molars when biting?

Answer 17

500-700N

Question 18

What are the levels of control?

Answer 18

reflex
pattern generator
voluntary

Question 19

what is mastication controlled by?

Answer 19

motor nucleus

Question 20

what are chewing patterns controlled by?

Answer 20

chewing centre

Question 21

what does the higher centre controlled?

Answer 21

stop and start chewing

Question 22

during control of mastication, what works alongside the centres?

Answer 22

reflexes

Question 23

what is a reflex?

Answer 23

predictable response to a given stimulus

usually mono-synaptic

Question 24

what are types of stretch reflexes?

Answer 24

tonic
phasic

Question 25

what is the role of tonic stretch reflexes?

Answer 25

resist gravity
maintain jaw posture

Question 26

what is the role of phasic stretch reflexes?

Answer 26

load compensation during chewing
stabilises jaw during vigorous head movements - running

Question 27

what do protective reflexes respond to?

Answer 27

noxious stimulus

Question 28

what stimulates jaw “opening” reflexes?

Answer 28

intra-oral mechanical/ noxious
extra-oral noxious

Question 29

what is humans response to inhibitory jaw reflexes?

Answer 29

inactivation of jaw closing muscles

Question 30

what is the role of inhibitory jaw reflexes?

Answer 30

• prevent overloading
• facilitate opening

Question 31

what stimulates jaw unloading reflexes?

Answer 31

sudden closure following hard biting

Question 32

what is the response to jaw unloading reflexes?

Answer 32

inactivation of jaw closing materials
activation of jaw opening muscles

Question 33

what is the result of jaw unloading reflexes?

Answer 33

teeth dont crash together