Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BRS > Control of lung function > Flashcards

Control of lung function Flashcards

1
Q
  • What is the dorsal respiratory group the main location for?
  • Where is the dorsal respiratory group located?
A

Control of Inspiration
Generation of the rate and rhythm of breathing

Dorsomedial medulla  in the ventrolateral nucleus  of the solitary tract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • What is the ventral respiratory group responsible for?

- When is the ventral respiratory group inactive?

A

expiratory control- more for when its forced and voluntary
Inhibition of the apneustic centre and DRG

During quiet breathing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • What effect does the apneustic centre have on the dorsal respitatory group?
  • Where is the apneustic centre located?
  • What is it inhibited by?
A

Stimulatory

Lower part of the pons

Pulmonary afferents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
  • Where is the pneumotaxic centre located?

- What effect does the pneumotaxic centre have on the dorsal respiratory group?

A

Upper part of the pons

Inhibitory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
  • Do action potentials at a low frequency stimulate the AC or the PC?
  • When the action potentials fire at a higher frequency, are the AC or PC stimulated?
A

Apneustic Centre, tells body to continue inhaling

Pneumotaxic Centre, tells body to stop inhaling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  • What effect does the pneumotaxic centre have on the dorsal respiratory group?
  • What effect does the apneustic centre have on the dorsal respitatory group?
  • What effect does the dorsal respiratory group have on the ventral respiratory group?
  • What effect does the ventral respiratory group have on the DRG and AC?
A

Inhibitory

Stimulatory

Inhibitory

Inhibitory
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  • What effect does the PC have on the action potentials and what is this effect followed by?
  • Which spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?
A

Causes a cessation (stop)
Follwed by a period of latency before the AC then stimulates the DRG again to increase the action potential frequency

C3, C4, C5
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  • What motor and sensory innnervation does the phrenic nerve provide?
  • What action do the external intercostal muscles contribute to?
  • What action do the internal intercostal muscles contribute to?
A

Motor innervation to the diaphragm
Sensation to the central tendon aspect of the diaphragm

Inspiration

Expiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q
  • If there are gaps in the capillaries of normal circulation, then why are they described as ‘continuous’?
  • What is the blood brain barrier and why is it important?
A

Because these gaps between capillary endothelial cells are filled with H20

barrier between blood and CNS. To protect CNS against circulating toxins or pathogens that could cause brain infections but allowing vital nutrients to reach the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Why is the blood brain barrier considered to have continuous capillaries?
  • Can charged molecules pass the lipid bilayer?
  • Is dissolved carbon dioxide able to pass through the lipid bilayer and therefore the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
A

Because capillary endothelial cells form tight junctions between nervous cells to prevent unnecessary leakage of molecules

no, not without transporters

Yes, dissolved as carbonic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • How does this CO2 initiate activation of the DRG?
A

CO2 reacts with water to form a carbonate ion (HCO3-) and a proton, after passing through capillary wall into the CSF

The protons will enter the medulla and interact with the afferent fibres in the medulla

These take the signal to the dorsal respiratory group to be able to determine what type of rate and rhythm should be created

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • Where are irritant receptors found?

- What is the role of the irritant receptor?

A

Embedded within and beneath airway epithelium (larynx, trachea, bronchi, and intrapulmonary airways)

Detects foreign matter
Leads to cough
which involves a forceful expiration against a closed glottis
then the glottis suddenly opens
leading to a high velocity expulsion of air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • Where are pulmonary stretch receptors found?
  • How are these stretch receptors activated?
  • What do the stretch receptors do once they are activated?
A

Past the secondary bronchi

Excessive inflation of lungs

They send afferent signals to respiratory centres
inhibit DRG and apneustic centre 
stimulate pneumotaxic centre and VRG 
Inhibit inspiration and stimulate expiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q
  • Where are J-receptors found?
  • What does location allow them to respond to ?
  • What do J receptors do?
A

Alveolar walls in close proximity to the capillaries

pulmonary capillary engorgement (high pressure in pulmonary capillary)
accumulation of interstitial fluid (oedema)

Increases breathing frequency
send action potentials via vagus nerve
leading to bronchoconstriction and increased respiratory rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q
  • What happens when you reach the CO2 threshold for breathing?
  • What is the formula for calculating pH?
  • What is the difference between alkalaemia and alkalosis?
A

Accumulation of H+ beyond the blood brain barrier activates the DRG - the struggle phase?

-Log [H+]

Alkalaemia refers to a higher-than-normal blood pH alkalosis describes the circumstances that will increase pH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  • What is meant by a ventilatory disturbance and how is this corrected?
  • What is meant by a metabolic disturbance and how is this corrected?
A

Minor change in breathing that changes the pH which is then corrected by the kidneys which are slow responses

Any non-lung cause of a change in the pH that is subsequently corrected for by the lungs which are fast responses
17
Q
  • What type of reaction is needed to correct an acidosis?

- Where are the peripheral chemoreceptors found?

A

Alkolitic response

carotid bodies in bifurcation of carotid arteries in region called the carotid sinus and aortic bodies in the aortic arch

They are found very close to the baroreceptors
18
Q
  • What is the role of the peripheral chemoreceptors?

- Which part of the brain is responsible for the emotional responses?

A

To stimulate breathing in response to hypoxia

Limbic system - composed of the hypothalamus, amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus
19
Q
  • How can the movement of a muscle lead to an increase in breathing?
A

Efferents from primary motor cortex to skeletal musculature partly innervates medulla by sending volitional instructions to it as it will inevitably be necessary

Proprioceptive afferents from muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs also innervate medulla on way to brain- Demonstrated by manually cycling someone’s legs- brain isn’t doing any work

20
Q
  • What is the cold shock ventilator response?
A

Immersion in cold water (<10 degrees Celsius)

causes a large and fast fall in skin temperature

detected by the superficial sensory nerve endings in the skin

evokes muscle spasms and hyperventilation

BRS (41 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions