Control of Disease

Question 1

What is directly responsible for the fluctuations of oral pH?

Answer 1

Biofilm or dental plaque

Question 2

What are 4 factors that determine rate and extent of demineralization?

Answer 2

1-Composition of bacterial biofilm
2-Composition and flow of saliva
3-Presence of fermentable carbohydrates
4-Concentrations of fluoride, calcium and phosphate in oral fluids

Question 3

What are 5 ways to control disease progression?

Answer 3

1-Mechanical/chemical removal of plaque (oral hygiene)
2-Chemical modification of plaque (antimicrobials)
3-Use of fluorides
4-Dietary composition
5-Salivary composition and stimulation

Question 4

The monoclonal antibody test is used to detect what bacteria?

Answer 4

Strep Mutans (500,000 cfu/ml)

Question 5

The 1970 study by von der Fehr with dental students consisted of what?

Answer 5

• Dental students stopping all oral hygiene for 23 days
• Which spot lesions formed (some rinsed with sucrose)
• 30 days careful oral hygiene to reverse most all caries

Question 6

Which study showed twice daily brushing with fluoride toothpaste resulted in 90% reduction in mineral loss?

Answer 6

1990- Dijkmann

Question 7

What are 4 ways biofilm is reduced through the use of antimicrobials?

Answer 7

1-Inhibit adhesion and colonization
2-Inhibit growth and metabolism
3-Disrupt mature biofilms
4-Modify biofilm biochemistry and ecology

Question 8

What are three specific antimicrobials?

Answer 8

1-Chlorhexidine
2-Triclosan
3-Xylitol

Question 9

Where and when did fluoride in dentistry begin?

Answer 9

January 25, 1945 in Grand Rapids Colorado