Control Of Communicable Disease Flashcards
Define public health
The science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life + promoting health through the organised efforts of society
Three domains of public health
Health protection
Health improvement
Healthcare public health
Define health protection
The protection of individuals, groups + populations through expert advice + effective collaboration to prevent + mitigate the impact of infectious disease, environmental, chemical + radiological threats
What are the three domains of health protection?
- Communicable disease control
- Environmental pubic health
- Emergency preparedness, resilience + response
What is involved in the epidemiological triangle model?
- Host: the case, infected person, asymptomatic carrier…
- Agent: the pathogen or substance of concern
- Environment: the setup within which transmissions and occur
What is the source-pathway-receptor model useful for?
To consider the infectious hazard + more widely environmental hazards
How can we ‘break the chain’ of the source-pathway-receptor model in the source part?
- Remove
- Kill/inactivate
- Isolate
e.g. antibitoics, disinfection, sterilisations
How can we ‘break the chain’ of the source-pathway-receptor model in the pathway part?
- Barrier e.g. PPE
- Hygiene education
- Behaviour modification through policy
- Procedural measures
How can we ‘break the chain’ of the source-pathway-receptor model in the receptor part?
Remove/reroute cohort
Protect e.g. immunisation, Chemoprophylaxis
What is an outbreak?
Two or more cases of infectious disease that are epidemiologically linked to
What is a cluster?
An aggregation of cases that may be epidemiologically linked (in time, place, person)
Types of outbreak
Point source
Propagated
Extended
Aims of managing an outbreak
- control spread of disease
- limit morbidity + mortality
- develop preventive strategies
- evaluate + refine existing measures
- address pubic concern
- improve knowledge of new + existing diseases
How do we manage an outbreak?
- assemble team
- verify outbreak exists
- find cases
- test hypothesis
- implement control measures
- communicate findings
What is sensitivity?
How good is it at correctly identifying the presence of disease?
What is specificity?
How good is it at correctly identifying the absence of the disease?
What is positive predictive value?
How likely a positive result is true to be
What is negative predictive value?
How likely a negative result is to be true
How do you calculate sensitivity?
True positive / (true positive + false negative)
How do you calculate specificity?
True negative / (true negative + false positive)
How do you calculate positive predictive value?
True positive / (true positive + false positive)
How do you calculate negative predictive value?
True negative / (true negative + false negative)
