Control of blood glucose

Question 1

What is homeostasis?

Answer 1

The maintenance of a stable internal environment in the body.

Question 2

What is the normal range of blood glucose concentration in humans?

Answer 2

4 to 6 mmol/L.

Question 3

True or False: Insulin decreases blood glucose levels.

Answer 3

True.

Question 4

What hormone is responsible for increasing blood glucose levels?

Answer 4

Glucagon.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: The pancreas contains clusters of cells called ____ that produce insulin.

Answer 5

islets of Langerhans.

Question 6

What type of feedback mechanism is involved in blood glucose regulation?

Answer 6

Negative feedback.

Question 7

Which cells in the pancreas secrete insulin?

Answer 7

Beta cells.

Question 8

What is glycogenesis?

Answer 8

The process of converting glucose into glycogen for storage.

Question 9

What is the role of the liver in blood glucose regulation?

Answer 9

It stores glycogen and releases glucose into the bloodstream.

Question 10

True or False: Glucose is the primary energy source for brain cells.

Answer 10

True.

Question 11

What happens to blood glucose levels after eating?

Answer 11

They increase.

Question 12

What is the effect of exercise on blood glucose levels?

Answer 12

Exercise decreases blood glucose levels.

Question 13

What does the term ‘hyperglycemia’ mean?

Answer 13

High blood glucose levels.

Question 14

What does the term ‘hypoglycemia’ mean?

Answer 14

Low blood glucose levels.

Question 15

What is the primary function of insulin?

Answer 15

To facilitate the uptake of glucose by cells.

Question 16

Fill in the blank: Glucagon promotes the conversion of glycogen back to ____.

Answer 16

glucose.

Question 17

What condition is characterized by the body’s inability to produce insulin?

Answer 17

Type 1 diabetes.

Question 18

What condition is characterized by insulin resistance?

Answer 18

Type 2 diabetes.

Question 19

True or False: The body can only use glucose as a source of energy.

Answer 19

False.

Question 20

What is the role of the adrenal glands in blood glucose control?

Answer 20

They release hormones like adrenaline that increase blood glucose levels.

Question 21

Which hormone is released during stress to increase blood glucose?

Answer 21

Adrenaline.

Question 22

What is the function of somatostatin in blood glucose regulation?

Answer 22

It inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon.

Question 23

Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose to energy is called ____.

Answer 23

cellular respiration.

Question 24

What can prolonged high blood glucose levels lead to?

Answer 24

Diabetes and its complications.

Question 25

What is the main effect of insulin on muscle cells?

Answer 25

To increase glucose uptake.

Question 26

Which organ primarily regulates blood glucose levels?

Answer 26

The pancreas.

Question 27

What is the role of GLUT4 transporters?

Answer 27

To transport glucose into cells in response to insulin.

Question 28

True or False: Blood glucose levels are regulated by hormones only.

Answer 28

False; they are also influenced by diet and activity level.

Question 29

What is the primary source of glucose during fasting?

Answer 29

Glycogen stores in the liver.

Question 30

Fill in the blank: The condition resulting from chronic high blood glucose is known as ____.

Answer 30

diabetes mellitus.

Question 31

What is the role of the kidneys in glucose homeostasis?

Answer 31

They filter glucose from the blood and can reabsorb it.

Question 32

What is the effect of glucagon on the liver?

Answer 32

It stimulates the liver to release glucose into the blood.

Question 33

Fill in the blank: The primary site of insulin action is the ____.

Answer 33

liver, muscle, and adipose tissue.

Question 34

What is the significance of the glycemic index?

Answer 34

It measures how quickly foods raise blood glucose levels.

Question 35

What does 'insulin sensitivity' refer to?

Answer 35

How responsive cells are to insulin.

Question 36

What dietary component can help regulate blood glucose levels?

Answer 36

Dietary fiber.

Question 37

True or False: Insulin can be administered orally.

Answer 37

False; it must be injected.

Question 38

What is the role of the hypothalamus in blood glucose regulation?

Answer 38

It regulates hunger and satiety signals.

Question 39

What is a common symptom of hypoglycemia?

Answer 39

Dizziness or confusion.

Question 40

Fill in the blank: The primary effect of insulin on adipose tissue is to promote ____.

Answer 40

fat storage.