Control of Arterial Blood Pressure Flashcards
What hormones are involved in long-term blood pressure maintenance?
Noradrenaline, Adrenaline, Angiotensin, Kinins, ANP
Angiotensin causes vasoconstriction and sodium retention, while ANP inhibits vasoconstriction and promotes natriuresis.
What is the role of the vascular system?
Transport nutrients, gases, hormones, and wastes according to metabolic demand.
What is the equation for calculating blood pressure?
BP = C.O. × T.P.R.
What does T.P.R. stand for?
Total Peripheral Resistance.
What is the main determinant of arterial blood pressure?
Cardiac output and Total peripheral resistance.
What reflexes are involved in blood pressure regulation?
Bainbridge reflex, Bezold-Jarisch reflex.
Fill in the blank: Blood pressure is defined as the force exerted on the walls of the _______.
arteries.
What are baroreceptors?
Stretch receptors in the walls of the carotid sinus and aortic arch.
What is the function of baroreceptors?
Signal to medullary cardiac and vasomotor areas to keep BP within normal ranges.
What happens during a fall in blood pressure?
Decreased baroreceptor stimulation, increased sympathetic output, decreased vagal tone, increased cardiac output and TPR.
What is the Windkessel function of the aorta?
It smooths the pressure wave.
True or False: Mean arterial pressure is calculated as an arithmetic mean of systolic and diastolic pressures.
False.
What is the effect of posture on blood pressure?
Hydrostatic force changes pressure; 0.77 mmHg per cm height.
What is the initial response of blood pressure during the Valsalva maneuver?
Initial rise due to physical pressure in the chest.
How does the body respond to a rise in blood pressure?
Increased baroreceptor stimulation, decreased sympathetic output, increased vagal tone, decreased cardiac output and TPR.
What is the significance of the area under the curve in blood pressure measurement?
It provides a good estimation of mean arterial pressure.
What does ANP stand for?
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.
What is the role of the vasomotor center?
Controls vasoconstriction and blood vessel tone.
Fill in the blank: The integrated response to a fall in BP leads to increased _______ output to the heart.
sympathetic.
What are the effects of stimulation from baroreceptors on cardiac output?
Reduces cardiac output by inhibiting sympathetic outflow and exciting vagal outflow.
What happens to blood pressure during venodilation and vasodilation?
Blood pressure falls.
What is the main conducting artery that imparts motive force for peripheral perfusion?
Aorta.
