Contribution to Australia's health status Flashcards
Smoking/ Vaping
smoking and vaping causes the chemicals inhaled to increase the risk of atherosclerosis (narrowing of blood vessels) as well as high blood pressure, increasing the risk of CVD, contributing to MORBIDITY
smoking and vaping increases the risk of faults in cells as they divide, increasing the risk of tumors, and thus, many types of CANCER (lung) contributing to DECREASED LIFE EXPECTANCY
Alcohol
Alcohol is filtered by the liver, so excessive use can contribute to damage of the liver increasing the risk of CIRRHOSIS, contributing to MORBIDITY
Alcohol affects motor control and judgement, increasing the risk of road accidents, falls and violence. thus increasing the risk of INJURIES AND DEATH, contributing to REDUCED LIFE EXPECTANCY
Overweight and Obesity
Overweight and obesity put more pressure on weight bearing joints (e.g knees) which can lead to the wear and tear of cartlidge increasing the risk of OSTEOARTHRITIS, contributing to MORBIDITY
Overweight and Obesity negatively affects the secretion of insulin, leading to high blood glucose levels, increasing the risk of TYPE 2 DIABETES, contributing to MORBIDITY/YLD
Nutritional imbalance- under consumption of fruit and vegetables
For mothers, means they may not get adequate nutrients (such as folate) as vegetables are high in nutrients. this means mothers increase the risk of their baby having NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS like SPINA BIFIDA, contributing to MORTALITY in CHILDREN
Reduces intake of fibre, as fruit and vegetables are high in fibre. low fibre intake leads to overeating as fibre contributes to feelings of satiety. this increases energy intake, increasing the risk of OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY, increasing the risk of CVD, contributing to MORTALITY
underconsumption of dairy foods
could lead to inadequate calcium intake, as dairy foods are high in calcium. this hinders the achievement of peak bone mass and increases the risk of OSTEOPOROSIS, increasing INCIDENCE
Impacts the development of strong teeth, increasing the risk of DENTAL CARIES, contributing to MORBIDITY, especially in CHILDREN
High intake of fat
high intake of TRANS and SATURATED fat (fatty meat) raise the LDL cholesterol in the blood, increasing the risk of ATHEROSCLEROSIS, this increases the risk of CVD, increasing MORTALITY
fat cells that may accumulate as a result of a high intake of fat are thought to release a chemical that contributes to INSULIN RESISTANCE and the INCIDENCE of TYPE 2 DIABETES
good fats
HDLs- High density lipoproteins
polyunsaturated- fish, nuts, omgea 3+6
monounsaturated fats- olive oil, avocado, peanut butter
bad fats
LDLs- Low density lipoproteins
trans fats: fatty meats, full fat dairy products, pastries and biscuits
saturated fats: deep fried take away foods, baked products
high intake of salt
increases sodium levels, which increases blood volume and this increases the risk of HYPERTENSION, contributing to MORTALITY
increases sodium levels. excess sodium causes calcium to be excreted in urine which causes a decrease in bone desnity. Increasing risk of OSTEOPOROSIS thus YLD
high intake of sugar
increases energy (kJ) consumption which if not used will be stored as excess adipose tissue (fat). this increases the risk of OBESITY/OVERWEIGHT and this associated conditions of TYPE 2 DIABETES increasing MORBIDITY + MORTALITY
provides food for bacteria on the mouth which then produces acids. this contributes to DENTAL CARIES and increased INCIDENCE
low intake of fibre
(vegetables) can increase the risk of overeating, as fibre absorbs water in digestive system increases satiety. therefore leading to excess energy consumption. this leads to OVERWEIGHT/OBESITY, increasing CVD and MORTALITY
(oats and grains) means there is less bulk in faeces increasing the risk of abnormal cells developing in colon and rectum. this leads to CANCER, increasing morbidity
