Contrast Administration Flashcards
RCM stands for?
Radiopaque contrast media
What two types of RCM are used in CT?
Iodine and barium
What part of the body is barium used to opacify in CT?
The GI tract
Osmolality
Describes the contrast agent’s propensity to cause fluid from outside the blood vessel to move into the bloodstream.
Iodinated RCM can be divided into what two categories?
Ionic contrast media and nonionic contrast media.
Ionic contrast media are salts consisting of what?
Sodium and/or meglumine.
The production of osmotic ions when ionic contrast media in injected into the bloodstream is indicative of what?
High-osmolar contrast media (HOCM).
Two examples of High-osmolar contrast media are
Iothalamate meglumine (Conray) and diatrizoate sodium (Hypaque).
Nonionic contrast media are
No salt chemical compounds that also contain three iodine atoms but do not dissociate in solution. Commonly referred to as low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM).
Three examples of low-osmolar contrast media are
Iohexol (Omnipaque), iopamidol (Isovue), and ioversol (Optiray).
The osmolality of an iodinated radiopaque contrast medium greatly affects
It’s potential for adverse effects in the patient.
Non-ionic low-osmolar contrast agents are less likely to
Produce adverse side effects than ionic high-osmolar RCM
Iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) have the same osmolality as blood and therefore
May offer improved patient comfort and reduced potential for untoward side effects.
One example of a Iso-osmolar contrast media (IOCM) is
Iodixanol (Visipaque)
Enteral RCM are administered how? What do they opacify?
Orally and/or rectally. They opacify the GI tract.
