contrast

Question 1

what is contrast?

Answer 1

substance used that can be instilled or injected into the body

Question 2

why is contrast used?

Answer 2

when imaging anatomic tissues that have low subject contrast

Question 3

how does contrast type change absorption characteristics?

Answer 3

by either increasing or decreasing the attenuation of the X-ray beam

Question 4

is barium contrast positive or negative?

Answer 4

positive contrast

Question 5

radiolucent appears what on film?

Answer 5

dark

Question 6

what is the most common radiolucent contrast?

Answer 6

air and carbon dioxide

Question 7

how does radiopaque contrast appear on film?

Answer 7

white

Question 8

what is the most common contrast for GI ?

Answer 8

barium sulfate

Question 9

what are cons of using barium?

Answer 9

difficult to swallow, irritate the colon, cause cramps, edema, peritonitis, constipation, difficult to eliminate

Question 10

what is a con of using iodides?

Answer 10

highly toxic, fluid balance of the body may be severely affected

Question 11

where is ionic contrast used?

Answer 11

IVP- kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 12

what is beneficial about high osmolality?

Answer 12

provides greater contrast but more increases toxicity and viscosity

Question 13

what is beneficial about non ionic contrast?

Answer 13

low osmolality

Question 14

how long do gallbladder tablets take to absorb?

Answer 14

12-24 hours

Question 15

what is urography?

Answer 15

timed sequence of radiographs taken as the contrast moves through the urinary system, post void

Question 16

what is myleography?

Answer 16

water soluble material requires images immediately after injection; lumbar puncture; L4

Question 17

less serious reactions to contrast?

Answer 17

nausea, diarrhea, dry mouth, headache, anxiety chills,

Question 18

serious reactions?

Answer 18

anaphylactic shock, pulmonary edema, asthma attack, cardiac arrest

Question 19

how are aqueous solutions absorbed?

Answer 19

in the bloodstream, excreted through the kidneys

Question 20

what is aqueous based iodine?

Answer 20

iopamidol, iohexol

Question 21

what are cons to iodinated contrast?

Answer 21

can cause discomfort to patient; allergies

Question 22

what is a power injector?

Answer 22

a medical device to deliver specific amounts of contrast agent at specific flow rates

Question 23

what is DCBE?

Answer 23

double contrast barium enema

Question 24

what is an air arthrogram?

Answer 24

injection of air into a joint cavity allows the cartilage covering the ends of the bones of visualised

Question 25

what are iodine contrast agents used for?

Answer 25

angiography, venography and other urography

Question 26

what is the gadolinium used in?

Answer 26

MRI