Contrast

Question 1

True/False:

“mild reactions” do not require intervention.

Answer 1

false

Question 2

List conditions that might signal an increased risk for an adverse reaction to a GBCA

Answer 2

• Multiple environmental or drug allergies
• previous reaction to a GBCA
• allergy to aspirin
  -carries an epipen
  daily use of a respiratory inhaler

Question 3

The serious health issue that has occured in some patients with very poor renal function and haveing a GBCA injection is:

Answer 3

Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis
(NSF)

Question 4

________ GBCA’s are considered low risk for the serious health issue NSF.

Answer 4

Macrocyclic

Question 5

True/False:

According to the FDA & The ACR, GBCA’s are considered safe for the fetus when given to a pregnant patient.

Answer 5

False

Question 6

True/False:

According to the FDA and ACR, GBCA’s are considered safe for breast feeding mothers and their infants.

Answer 6

true

Question 7

According to the FDA “Black Box” warning on GBCA’s, a patients kidney filtration rate that is lower than _________ shoud not receive GBCA’s.

Answer 7

30ml/min/1.73m2

Question 8

Most injected MRI contrast agents are:

Answer 8

Gadolinium based & nonspecific extracellular

Question 9

True/False:

All MRI contrast agents are injected intravenously

Answer 9

False

Question 10

Gadolinium based contrast agents (GBCA’s) work by:

Answer 10

increasing the local magnetic field near the Gd ion.

Question 11

GBCA’s are:

Answer 11

paramagnetics

Question 12

Gadolinium is a very effective agent due to its:

Answer 12

Large number of unpaired electrons

Question 13

GBCA’s are sometimes referred to, or classified as, T1 shortening agents. This is because:

Answer 13

they greatly decrease T1 times of some tissues

Question 14

Enhancement seen after injecting a GBCA is effectively:

Answer 14

seeing the tissue that is near the GBCA

Question 15

True/False:

Gadolinium is extremely safe.

Answer 15

False

Question 16

The non-toxic chemcical bond to the GD (Gd) ion is called the:

Answer 16

Ligand

Question 17

The combination of the Gd ion and the ligand is called:

Answer 17

Chelate

Question 18

The purpose of binding a non-toxic chemical the Gd ion is to make the GBCA:

Answer 18

non-toxic to the patient.

Question 19

Compared to iodine-based agents, GBCA’s have:

Answer 19

Far less adverse reactions.

Question 20

______ agents disassociate into ions in the bloodstream, while ________ agents remain chemically neutral.

Answer 20

Ionic

non-ionic

Question 21

Most GBCA’s are ________ agents.

Answer 21

non-specific extracellular.

Question 22

The 2 main molecular structures of GBCA’s are “linear” and:

Answer 22

Macrocyclic

Question 23

Of the 2 molecular structures, Linear & Macrocyclic, which is considered safer and lower risk for NSF & gadolinium retention than the other?

Answer 23

Macrocyclic.

Question 24

The term used to demonstrate how bright the enhanvement of GBCA agents is per unit of dose is:

Answer 24

Relaxivity

Question 25

True/False:
There are no GBCA blood pooling agents approved by the FDA

Answer 25

False

Question 26

The most common MRI Application for oral contrast agents is imaging the:

Answer 26

small bowel

Question 27

applications for inserted contrast agents in MRI include:

Answer 27

Rectal Imaging
vaginal imaging
cervical imaging (cervix, not spine)

Question 28

what are possible side effects to GBCAs?

Answer 28

Nausea
Altered taste
Rash

Question 29

A side effect is always _________ and could be desired or ________.

Answer 29

Predictable

Undesired