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Health > Contraception Methods > Flashcards

Contraception Methods Flashcards

1
Q

How is a cervical cap used

A

A small silicone cup is placed over the cervix and prevents sperm from entering the vagina, sperm can’t enter the uterus because cap is held in place by suction

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2
Q

Who uses cervical caps

A

It is used by women, but not recommended for young women since inserting the cap can be difficult

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3
Q

How does a cervical cap work

A
  • spermicide is often placed in cup
  • cap protects from pregnancy by making physical barrier between sperm and uterus
  • cap is reusable and must be washed after use
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4
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of using a cervical cap

A 
Advantages: 
-discreet 
-easy, cheap, reversible
-no constant medical visits
Disadvantages: 
-will leave strong odors, vaginal discharge, infections if left in too long
-possibility of an allergic reaction
-may lead to changes in cervix
-no STI protection
-prescription required
-cannot be used during period
-must be fitted by a clinician
-must be used with spermicide
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5
Q

How effective is the cervical cap

A

86% effective, but chances increase if you have been pregnant before (71%)

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6
Q

Where do you get a cervical cap

A

Doctor

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7
Q

How does a diaphragm work

A
  • placed high in vagina

- holds spermicide against cervix

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8
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of using a diaphragm

A 
Advantages: 
- portable
-reusable
-hormone free
-doesn't interrupt sexual intercourse
-can be used for 2-3 yrs
-immediate return to fertility after removal
-can be left in for 24 hrs
Disadvantages: 
-if left inside vagina for over 24 hrs there is a risk of toxic shock syndrome
-mild allergies to rubber/spermicide
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9
Q

How effective is the diaphragm

A

86-94% effective

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10
Q

Where do you get a diaphragm

A

Doctor must prescribe

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11
Q

Does a diaphragm prevent STIs

A

No

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12
Q

How does foam and jelly work (contraceptive jelly)

A
  • protection or spermicide that kills sperm before entering the uterus
  • inserted in vagina before sex and dissolves afterwards
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13
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of using foam and jelly

A 
Advantages:
1) kills sperm
2) unlike other contraception methods, it's safer
3) do not need to see a doctor
Disadvantages: 
1) applied before sexual intercourse every time
2) lasts for only 30 mins, messy
3) might cause vaginal/penile irritation
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14
Q

Effectiveness of foam and jelly

A

71% effective

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15
Q

How can foam and jelly be attained

A

It can be found at any normal Walmart

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16
Q

Does foam and jelly prevent STIs

A

No

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17
Q

What is a condom

A

A condom is a barrier device used during sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy and STIs

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18
Q

Who uses condoms

A

Females and males

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19
Q

How is a condom used

A

Male:
-rolled on erect penis and blocks semen
Female:
-2 flexible rings at the open and closed end
-closed end ring inserted inside vagina, held in place
-outer ring remains outside, covers part of external genital area

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20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of condoms

A

Advantages:
-easy to use
-almost no side effects
-portable
-highly effective against diseases and pregnancy
-not harmful to body, can make other methods work better
Disadvantages:
-latex could be allergic to some, could be life threatening
-not all condoms are made of latex

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21
Q

Where can you get condoms

A

Drugstores, planned parenthood health center, community health centers, doctor’s office, supermarkets, convenience stores

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22
Q

Cost of a condom

A

Male condoms: $0.5-$1 per condom

Female condoms: $2-4 per condom

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23
Q

Do condoms prevent STIs

A
  • 98% effective if used properly
  • if not always used properly, 85% effective against pregnancies
  • protects from all STIs (such as herpes, genital warts and syphilis which can be spread from skin to skin contact
  • 90% effective against STIs
24
Q

What is withdrawal

A
  • man withdraws penis from woman’s vagina prior to ejaculation
  • sometimes referred to as the “pull-out method”
25
Q

How does withdrawal work

A
  • no sperm into vagina, no chance of pregnancy
26
Q

How effective is withdrawal

A
  • if timed perfectly, 96% effective
  • real life, only works 78% of the time
  • does not prevent against STIs
27
Q

Who uses withdrawal

A

-only males

28
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of withdrawal

A 
Advantages: 
-maintains pleasure
-if done perfectly, there is a high guarantee of protection against pregnancy 
-saves cash 
Disadvantages: 
-does not protect from STIs
-hard to time
-premature ejaculation possible
29
Q

What is abstinence

A

-refaining from any kinds of sexual activities

30
Q

How does abstinence work

A
  • do not engage in any sexual activities, sperm cannot reach eggs
  • cannot get an STI from sexual fluids, but can be infected through blood or genetic inheritance
31
Q

Who uses abstinence

A
  • anyone who wishes to refrain from sexual activity

- asexual people

32
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of abstinence

A 
Advantages: 
-protects 100% from pregnancy 
-reduces chances of STIs
-free
Disadvantages: 
-hard to maintain abstinence
-can destroy sexual confidence
33
Q

Oral Contraceptive (birth control pill)

A
  • known as ‘the pill’
  • prevents pregnancy by stopping ovulation
  • should be taken daily
  • reduces acne
  • if you stop taking the pill, you can immediately get prenant
  • can cause nausea, headaches and increased appetite
  • up to 99.9% efffective
  • does not protect from STIs
34
Q

How do birth control patches work

A
  • releases synthetic estrogen and progestin hormones to prevent pregnancy
  • needs to be placed somewhere clean and dry on the body
35
Q

Do birth control patches prevent against STIs

A

No

36
Q

How effective is the birth control patch

A

Almost 100% effective

37
Q

Risks of using a birth control patch

A

Risks of blood clots/clumps in the legs or lungs

38
Q

Where do you get a birth control patch

A

Health Centers

39
Q

Kinds of oral contraceptives

A

1) birth control pill
2) birth control patch
3) birth control shot (injection)
4) birth control implant

40
Q

How does the birth control shot work

A
  • contains a hormone progestin, the progestin stops you from becoming pregnant
41
Q

Nicknames for the birth control shot

A

-depo-provera, depo shot or DMPA

42
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of the birth control shot

A

Advantages:
-more effective than the birth control pill, only needs to be taken every 3 months
Disadvantages:
-shot can give headaches, nausea, weight gain, mood swings, increased break through bleeding

43
Q

Does the birth control shot prevent against STIs

A

No

44
Q

How effective is the birth control shot

A

99% effective

45
Q

Where do you get a birth control shot

A

Doctor

46
Q

What is the birth control implant

A

-implantable medical device for birth control

47
Q

How does the birth control implant work

A

-it is released into the blodstream and stops the release of the egg from the ovary and also thickens the cervical mucus

48
Q

Effectiveness of the birth control implant

A
  • 99% effective within 7 days of implant insertion, safe for the majority of women
  • 80-90% will become pregnant in a year
  • implant 99% effective
49
Q

Where do you get the birth control implant

A

-go to a doctor

50
Q

Does the birth control implant prevent against STIs

A

No

51
Q

What is the emergency contraceptive pill

A

-pill made for emergencies after sexual intercourse

52
Q

Nickname(s) of the emergency contraceptive pill

A
  • the morning after pill

- the 72 hour pill

53
Q

How does the emergency contraceptive pill work

A
  • must take within 72 hrs

- it forces the egg to break so you will have your period within a day after taking the pill

54
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of the emergency contraceptive pill

A

Advantages:
-it effectively works preventing pregnancy
Disadvantages:
-not good for health because it interferes with the menstrual cycle
-may not be effective if used too many times

55
Q

Effectiveness of the emergency contraceptive pill

A
  • reduces risk by 89% within 72 hrs

- 95% within 24 hrs

56
Q

Where do you get the emergency contraceptive pill

A
  • pharmacies (mostly)

- markets (sometimes)

57
Q

Do cervical caps prevent against STIs

A

No

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