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Repro Sexual Health > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 most commonly used methods of contraception

A

condoms, sterilisation and combined hormonal contraception

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2
Q

which contraceptive method has a delay in reversal

A

injectables

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3
Q

what is the Pearl Index

A

number of contraception failures (i.e. pregnancy) per 100 women-years

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4
Q

what measure provides the contraceptive failure rate over a specified time

A

life table analysis

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5
Q

difference between method and user failure

A

method failure is where the contracption is used correctly, user failure is when it is not

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6
Q

benefits of long-acting reversible contraception

A

minimises user input and therefore user failure rates

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7
Q

when is the chance of pregnancy highest in a menstrual cycle

A

day 8-19

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8
Q

how long does the egg survive after ovulation

A

24 hours

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9
Q

how long does sperm survive once in the lady

A

<4 days

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10
Q

when does ovulation occur

A

textbook –> day 14

real life variation –> days 12-18

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11
Q

three forms of combined hormonal contraception

A

pill, patch and ring

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12
Q

how should the patch be used

A

replaced every week

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13
Q

how should the CHC ring be used

A

replaced every 3 weeks, can be taken out for 3 in every 24 hours

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14
Q

side effect of patch method

A

skin reaction

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15
Q

window for taking CHC pill

A

24 hours

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16
Q

risks reduced in CHC

A

functional ovarian cysts, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, benign breast disease and colon cancer

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17
Q

risks increased in CHC

A

VTE (DVT and PE), arterial thrombosis (MI and ischaemic stroke), breast cancer and cervical

18
Q

cancer risk reduced by CHC

A

colon cancer

19
Q

cancer risk increased by CHC

A

cervical and breast

20
Q

contraindications for CHC

A
  • previous VTE
  • limited mobility
  • focal migraine
  • 1st degree relative with VTE <45 y/o
  • personal history of aterial thrombosis
  • BMI>34
  • age>45
  • gallbladder disease
  • previous liver tumour
  • smoker >35
  • hypertension
21
Q

how does estrogen increase VTE and arterial thrombosis risk

A

its a procoagulant. It increases plasma fibrinogen and various coagulation factors

22
Q

3 forms of progestogen only methods

A

pill, implant, injection and IUS

23
Q

2 POPs

A

LNG NET and desogestrel

24
Q

outline the differences between LNG NET and desogestrel

A

Most desogestrel are bleed free, LNG NET is the 1/3rds one

LNG NET must be taken in a 3 hour window every day, desogestrel has a 12 hour window

most on desogestrel do not ovulate, but 2/3 or LNG NET do

25
Q

how do POPs work

A

thicken cervical mucus and stop ovulation (but thats more in desogestrel)

26
Q

contraindications for POPs

A

personal Hx of breast cancer or liver tumour

27
Q

POP side effects

A

appetite increase, bloating, fluid retention, mood change, acne, headache, hair loss/gain

28
Q

what type of injection is the progestogen injection

A

traditionally intramuscular but newer self administrated is subcut

29
Q

bleed in injection

A

70% have none after 3 doses

30
Q

frequency of injection

A

every 13 weeks

31
Q

3 mechanisms of injection

A

prevents ovulation, changes cervical mucus and makes endometrium unsuitable to implantation

32
Q

how long is the injection fertility delay

A

9 months

33
Q

3 side effects of injection

A

delayed return to fertility, reduced bone density and weight gain in 2/3

34
Q

how long does the rod (implant) last

A

3 years

35
Q

bleed in the implant

A

60% bleed free, 30% frequent or prolonged

36
Q

side effects of rod

A

mood change

37
Q

mechanism of rod

A

inihibits ovulation and changes cervical mucus

38
Q

how does the copper coil work and how often is it changed

A

toxic to sperm and lasts for 5-10 years

39
Q

effect of copper coil on bleed

A

no hormone so natural cycle, may heavier more painful periods

40
Q

two intrauterine options

A

copper coil and levonorgestrel IUS

41
Q

how does the IUS work

A

afffects endometrium and cervical mucus, most still ovulate

42
Q

effect of IUS on bleed

A

reduced bleed

Repro Sexual Health (3 decks)

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