Continuity principle practice quiz

Question 1

When using PISA method which direction is the baseline moved and scale is appropriate

Always shift the baseline downwards, do not change your scale.

Always shift the baseline away from the direction of regurgitation, a scale between 20-40 cm/s is appropriate.

Always shift the baseline upwards, do not change your scale.

Always shift the baseline towards the direction of regurgitation, a scale between 20-40 cm/s is appropriate

Answer 1

Always shift the baseline towards the direction of regurgitation, a scale between 20-40 cm/s is appropriate

Question 2

Calculate the cross sectional area of a stenotic aortic valve given the following: LVOT VTI 30 cm, AV VTI 110 cm, LVOT VTI 2.2. (You may use a calculator)

1.1 cm2

0.9 cm2

1.0 cm2

0.8 cm2

Answer 2

1.0 cm2

CSA1 X V1
0.785x 2.2 squared = CSA1 (3.7994)

3.7994 X 30 = 113.982
113.982/ 110 = 100

Question 3

Which Qp/Qs ratio would indicate a significant shunt?

1.4 : 1

1.2 : 1

1 : 1

1.6 : 1

Answer 3

1.6 : 1

Question 4

When a valve is narrowed, the Continuity Principle states:

The same volume of blood passes through the valve but with an increased speed

The same volume of blood passes through the valve but with a decreased speed

A greater volume of blood must pass through the stenotic valve

A decreased volume of blood will pass through the valve because it is narrowed

Answer 4

The same volume of blood passes through the valve but with an increased speed

Question 5

What formula is used to calculate the cross sectional area?

7.85d2

0.785d2

0.785r2

7.85r2

Answer 5

0.785d2

Question 6

If when calculating PISA, you had a radius measuring 1.1 cm how would you grade your regurgitation?

Severe

Moderate

Trivial

Mild

Answer 6

Severe

Question 7

The regurgitant volume of an aortic valve is calculated by:

The stroke volume of the aortic valve minus the stroke volume of the mitral valve

The stroke volume of the aortic valve divided by the stroke volume of the mitral valve

The stroke volume of the mitral valve minus the stroke volume of the aortic valve

The stroke volume of the mitral valve divided by the stroke volume of the aortic valve

Answer 7

The stroke volume of the aortic valve minus the stroke volume of the mitral valve

Question 8

1 / 1 point
To determine the effective regurgitant orifice area (EROA) via the PISA method what information must you obtain?

Mitral valve diameter, MR colour Doppler, MR peak velocity

LVOT diameter, LVOT VTI, colour Doppler of the regurgitation

PISA diameter, upper end of niquist limit, LVOT diameter

PISA radius, lower end of niquist limit, peak regurgitant velocity

Answer 8

PISA radius, lower end of niquist limit, peak regurgitant velocity