Context for Mathematics: Numbers and Operations Flashcards
Basic building blocks of mathematics
Numbers
Any positive or negative whole number, including zero. Does not include fractions, decimals, or mixed numbers.
Integer
Any whole number greater than 1 that has only two factors, itself and 1; that is, a number that can be divided evenly only by 1 and itself.
Prime number
Any whole number greater than 1 that has more than two different factors.
Composite Number
A number system that uses ten different digits.
Decimal
Base Ten Systems
Includes all integers, decimals, and fractions, including any terminating or repeating decimal number, that can be represented as a ratio.
Rational Number
Cannot be written as fractions or decimals because decimal place is infinite and there is no recurring pattern.
Irrational Numbers
The set of all rational and irrational numbers.
Real numbers
A mathematical process that takes some value(s) as input(s) and produces and output.
Operation
Each quantity in addition.
Addends
The result of addition.
Sum
The quantity that is decreased by the subtrahend in subtraction.
Minuend
The minuend is decreased by this quantity in subtraction.
Subtrahend
The result of subtraction.
Difference
Indicates how many times to add the multiplicand to itself in multiplication.
Multiplier
The multiplier indicates how many times to add this quantity to itself.
Multiplicand
The result of multiplication
Product
Th quantity that tells us how many parts to divide the dividend into
Divisor
The divisor tells us how many times to divide this quantity into.
Dividend
The result of division.
Quotient
Designate which operations should be done first when there are multiple operations.
Parentheses
A superscript number placed next to another number at the top right. Indicates how many times the base number is to be multiplied by itself.
Exponents
Another way of writing a fractional exponent. Uses a radical symbol.
Roots
Any number to the power of 1 is equal to itself.
a^1 = a
Identity Exponent Rule
Any number raised to the power of 0 is equal to 1.
a^0 = 1
Zero Exponent Rule
Add exponents to multiply powers of the same base number.
a^m x a^n = a^m+n
Product Rule of Exponents
Subtract exponents to divide powers of the same number.
a^m / a^n = a^m-n
Quotient Rule of Exponents
When a power is raised to a power, the exponents are multiplied.
(a^m)^n = a^(m x n)
Power of a Power Rule of Exponents
Multiplication and division operations inside parentheses can be raised to a power. This is the same as each term being raised to that power.
(a x b) ^ m = a^m x b^m
(a / b) ^ m = a^m / a^b
Power of a Product/Quotient Rule of Exponents
A negative exponent is the same as the reciprocal of a positive exponent.
a^-n = 1/a^n
Negative Exponent Rule
Numbers that are multiplied together to obtain a product.
Factors
A number that divides exactly into two or more other numbers.
Common Factor
The largest number that is can divide exactly into two or more numbers.
Greatest Common Factor
Integer increments of a given factor.
Multiples
Smallest number that are integer increments of a given factor.
Least Common Multiple
