Context Flashcards
Who was the reigning monarch when Macbeth written? What was this period known as?
James I → Jacobean era.
How did Shakespeare relate Macbeth to James I?
James I believed he was a descendant of a thane called Banquo, hence him being a brave and moral character. This was Shakespeare’s way of flattering him.
How does the Gunpowder plot link to treason in Macbeth?
The Gunpowder Plot in 1605 was intended to kill James I, which was a serious act of treason. Shakespeare writes of Macbeth’s treason (regicide of King Duncan).
Why did Shakespeare inculde treason in his play?
In Macbeth, traitorous characters all have terrible deaths, so Shakespeare could be hinting that anyone plotting to murder King James I will also face eternal consequences (hell).
How was witchcraft viewed in Jacobean society?
Witchcraft was widely feared and many were distrustful of people who seemed to be ‘witches’.
How did James I contribute to the witch craze?
- He wrote a book called Daemonologie where he stated how witches were devilish
- Attended witch trials
Why did Shakespeare include supernatural themes in Macbeth?
- Appealing to James I by making witches the main cause of evil in the play
- Shows how witchcraft causes disruption of nature, relating to audience’s fears
What were three expectations of women in the Jacobean period?
- Subordinate - listen to their father and then husband (when married off)
- Dutiful - do what they were told by men and to not question them
- Nurturing - meant to be motherly and a good housewife
How does Lady Macbeth differ from gender norms in Macbeth?
She subverts these expectations and is portrayed as controlling, dominant and strong-willed.
Why does Shakespeare make Lady Macbeth defy societal norms?
He could be suggesting that her downfall comes from her unnatural defiance of gender roles. This could be a warning for women to conform or they will face dire consequences.
What were three expectations of men in the Jacobean period?
- Dominant - have authority over their household, including their wife
- Superior (physically and mentally) to women
- Noble - were meant to serve their King with loyalty
How is Macbeth presented in accordance to gender norms?
At the beginning, Macbeth fulfils all the expectations of a Jacobean man. However, later on he is shown as weak and unmanly (especially through Lady Macbeth’s criticism).
What was the main religion in Jacobean England?
Christianity.
Why was having a large Christian audience important to Shakespeare?
They feared the devil, hell and witches so mentioning them in the play would make his audience terrified.
What was the Divine Right of Kings?
The belief that the King was directly chosen by God; so any uprising against the King was a crime against God.
