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Jekyll and Hyde > Context > Flashcards

Context Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the theory of atavism?

A

Lombroso, an Italian doctor

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2
Q

What is the theory of atavism?

A

humans evolved from primitive forms so could return to this basic state and succumb to primitive urges

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3
Q

What did Lombroso believe in?

A

idea of the born criminal
criminals could be identified by their appearance, particularly skulls

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4
Q

What features, in atavism, were so frequently remarked in criminals?

A

sugar-loaf or angular skull
big eyes, jaws, canines
arm span exceeds height
hairiness

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5
Q

When was ‘Origin of Species’ published?

A

1859

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6
Q

Who wrote ‘Origin of Species’?

A

Charles Darwin

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7
Q

What did the publishing of ‘Origin of Species’ cause?

A

ape vs. angel debate

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8
Q

What was the ‘ape vs. angel’ debate?

A

victorians lived in a pious society so were disgusted by idea that humans had evolved from primitive creatures

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9
Q

What was a cultural obsession in the Victorian era?

A

freak shows

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10
Q

Give an example of a freak show

A

PT Barnums’ Congress of Freaks

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11
Q

What was expected of a Victorian gentleman?

A

patience, calm attitude

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12
Q

What is calvinism?

A

branch of Christianity

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13
Q

What is a calvanist’s view?

A

total depravity ; original sin is unavoidable
people may appear outwardly good but they will always have sinful intentions

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14
Q

What did ‘gross indecency’ refer to?

A

homosexual acts between two men

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15
Q

What made ‘gross indecency’ punishable by hanging?

A

1885 Criminal Law Amendment Act

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16
Q

When was Jekyll and Hyde written?

A

1886

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17
Q

Who wrote Jekyll and Hyde?

A

Robert Louis Stevenson

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18
Q

When did RLS write the Body Snatcher?

A

1884

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19
Q

What happens in the Body Snatcher?

A

a man is haunted by his guilty conscience and one of his victims

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20
Q

What are symptoms of syphillis?

A

rashes, sores, growths
infertility, hair loss

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21
Q

How did the Victorians treat syphillis?

A

mercury

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22
Q

Examples of prudery and repression in Victorian era

A

arms and legs = ‘extremities’, ‘limbs’
Language of Flowers

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23
Q

Examples of Language of Flowers

A

Red Carnations ; ‘my heart aches for you’
Pink ; ‘Yes’
White Rose ; ‘I cannot’

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24
Q

What form is Jekyll and Hyde?

A

gothic shilling shocker

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25
Q

What social ills was the Victorian period known for?

A

poverty
child labour
drug and alcohol abuse
prostitution

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26
Q

How many prostitutes were there in London during the 1850s?

A

80,000 prostitutes

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27
Q

What did Victorians enjoy?

A

gossip and scandal

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28
Q

What did Victorians like to read?

A

publications that provided gossip and talk of contemporary celebrities

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29
Q

Which publication of gossip was first published in 1843?

A

News of the World

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30
Q

When was News of the World first published?

A

1843

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31
Q

What was News of the World?

A

publication of gossip and talk of contemporary celebrities

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32
Q

What was Laudanum?

A

mixture of opium and alcohol

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33
Q

What was the drug of choice during the Victorian era?

A

laudanum

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34
Q

Which social classes used laudanum?

A

all social classes

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35
Q

How available was laudanum?

A

freely available

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36
Q

What was a popular drink during the Victorian times?

A

gin

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37
Q

Where could gin be enjoyed during Victorian times?

A

gin palaces

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38
Q

What was the population of London in 1831?

A

1.8 million

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39
Q

What was the population of London in 1901?

A

6.5 million

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40
Q

What was population density of London in 1831?

A

3,021

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41
Q

What was the population density of London in 1901?

A

10,466

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42
Q

What did increase in urban population result in for Victorians in London?

A

postal service
telegraph / telephone service
sewage system

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43
Q

What did crowded slums mean for those living in them?

A

poor living conditions
disease

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44
Q

What disease was rife in crowded slums in Victorian London?

A

tuberculosis

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45
Q

What major change occurred during the Victorian period?

A

industrial revolution

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46
Q

How does the urban landscape subvert the expectations of the gothic tropes?

A

set in busy bustling city rather than isolated countryside/marshes

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47
Q

Did Stevenson visit London before writing Jekyll and Hyde?

A

no

48
Q

What city did Stevenson base his description of London off?

A

Edinburgh

49
Q

Who was Deacon Brodie?

A

a cabinet maker

50
Q

What was Stevenson’s link to Deacon Brodie?

A

he owned one of his cabinets

51
Q

What did Deacon Brodie do?

A

he was a night time burglar

52
Q

How does Deacon Brodie represent deception and duality?

A

cabinet maker - burglar
so respectable yet such a criminal

53
Q

What kind of novel is Jekyll and Hyde?

A

gothic shilling shocker

54
Q

Why were Victorians obsessed with death?

A

death of Prince Albert

55
Q

How long did Queen Victoria mourn Albert for?

A

40 years

56
Q

How did Queen Victoria mourn Albert?

A

black clothing and jewellery

57
Q

How did Queen Victoria’s mourning influence everyday people?

A

black clothing and jewellery very popular

58
Q

What was at the edge of every large Victorian city?

A

graveyards

59
Q

How would Victorians have felt about Jekyll’s suicide?

A

outraged
shocked

60
Q

Why were Victorians obsessed with crime?

A

invention of printing press
- newspapers

61
Q

How could we diagnose Jekyll?

A

Double Consciousness
Criminal Responsibility
Moral Insanity
Sexual perversion

62
Q

Who wrote about the idea of Double Conciousness?

A

Theodule Ribot

63
Q

Who wrote ‘Diseases of Memory’?

A

Theodule Ribot

64
Q

What book did Theodule Ribot write?

A

Diseases of Memory

65
Q

When did Theodule Ribot write ‘Diseases of Memory’?

A

1882

66
Q

How does ‘Disease of Memory’ link to Jekyll and Hyde?

A
  • ‘compound’ of good and evil
  • ‘highest state’ ‘succumbs’ becoming immoral
67
Q

Who wrote about the idea of Moral Insanity?

A

Cowles Pritchard

68
Q

Who wrote ‘Treatise on Insanity and Other Disorders affecting the mind’?

A

Cowles Pritchard

69
Q

What book did Cowles Pritchard write?

A

Treatise of Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind

70
Q

When did Cowles Pritchard write ‘Treatise of Insanity and Other Disorders Affecting the Mind’?

A

1835

71
Q

How does Treatise of Insanity link to Jekyll and Hyde?

A

Case No. 3

72
Q

What is case No. 3 of Treatise of Insanity?

A
  • reputable man becomes reckless
  • suspicious of friends
  • falls into poor company
73
Q

Who wrote about the idea of criminal responsibility?

A

Francis Galton

74
Q

Who was Francis Galton?

A

founder of science of eugenics
pioneer of sociological method

75
Q

What did Francis Galton devise?

A

composite photography

76
Q

How did Francis Galton use composite photography?

A

captured visual essence of criminality

77
Q

What book did Francis Galton write?

A

Inquiries into Human Faculty

78
Q

Who wrote Inquiries into Human Faculty?

A

Francis Galton

79
Q

When did Francis Galton write Inquiries into Human Faculty?

A

1883

80
Q

What did Francis Galton aim to do?

A

isolate tendencies within human genus

81
Q

Who did Francis Galton take photos of?

A

social types
- race, class, healthy, consumptive, criminal

82
Q

Why did Francs Galton take photos of social types?

A

to determine physiognomic average of each

83
Q

How did Francis Galton use his photographs?

A

exposed 8 photos to photographic plate for 1/8 of time

84
Q

What did Francis Galton produce?

A

graphic average produced

85
Q

Who wrote about the idea of Sexual Perversion?

A

Richard Von Kraft Ebbing

86
Q

What book did Richard Von Kraft Ebbing write?

A

Psychopathia Sexualis

87
Q

Who wrote Psychopathia Sexualis?

A

Richard Von Kraft Ebbing

88
Q

When was Psychopathia Sexualis written?

A

1886

89
Q

Which new interest did Psychopathia Sexualis explore?

A

sexology

90
Q

What did sexology do?

A

classified perversions

91
Q

How did Psychopathia Sexualis approach perversions?

A

pathological approach

92
Q

How did the pathological approach to perversions differ from the norm?

A

shifted from act to instigator

93
Q

How did the pathological approach investigate the insitgator?

A

ancestry
childhood
physical/mental constitution

94
Q

How does Pyschopathia Sexualis link to Jekyll and Hyde?

A

‘cruel, soulless, degrading vice’
- erotic element in Hyde’s activities

95
Q

How does Francis Galton’s composite photography link to Jekyll and Hyde?

A

separation of desires and characteristics

96
Q

What does ‘MD, DCL, LLD, FRS’ stand for?

A

doctor of medicine
doctor of civil laws
doctor of laws
fellow of the Royal Society

97
Q

How do I remember ‘MD, DCL, LLD, FRS’?

A

My Dog
Does Cartwheels Lots
Leigh Likes Dogs
Fran Radiates Sun

98
Q

When was the first postage stamp created?

A

1840

99
Q

What was the first postage stamp?

A

penny black

100
Q

When were post boxes introduced?

A

1852

101
Q

What were postal deliveries like in London?

A

between 6 and 12 deliveries daily

102
Q

When was the London Pneumatic Despatch company created?

A

1863

103
Q

What did the London Pneumatic Despatch company do?

A

send mails by underground

104
Q

What new technologies did the police use?

A

telegrams

105
Q

Why were police stations strategically placed?

A

facilitate coordination of operations

106
Q

Who create the police?

A

Robert Peel

107
Q

Who was Robert Peel?

A

Home Secretary

108
Q

What were some names for policemen?

A

peelers
bobbies

109
Q

When was the police created?

A

1822

110
Q

How many constables were there in London?

A

450 constables

111
Q

How many night watchmen were there in London?

A

4500 night watchmen

112
Q

When was the Metropolitan Police Act issued?

A

1829

113
Q

What did the Metropolitan Police Act issue?

A

full time police force for Greater London

114
Q

What were shifts like for police?

A

12 hour shifts 6 days a week

115
Q

What was a standard wage for a policemen?

A

1 guinea a week

116
Q

How much area were the police responsible for?

A

7 mile radius excluding City of London

Jekyll and Hyde (41 decks)

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