Content Test Flashcards
In African art , artist s will tend to visually abstract or stylize figures rather than represent them in a __________ way.
Naturalistic
In African art, _______ is the preferred art form, rather than working in 2D
Sculpture
Asian/ eastern art
Culture of art characterized by there being no hierarchy between fine art vs. crafts. They are all equally valued. Common forms include silk, painting, woodblock printing, batik, and ink paintings on rice paper
Eastern art focuses more on ________, rather than representational subjects or realism
Landscapes and spiritual ideas
Asian art seeks to depict man’s understanding of natural forces and to understand the pattern of _______ .
Nature
In Asian art portraits would attempt to highlight the subjects _______ rather than just faithfully depict the subject
Moral character
African art
Culture of art, characterized by styled, realism, emphasis on sculpture, and the human figure, in geometric forms. Artwork is categorized by aesthetic, political/ideological and ritualistic 
Middle Eastern/Islamic art
Culture of art characterized by artworks containing patterns that could be repeated into infinity, floral patterns, and calligraphy
_____ is the most important aspect of Islamic art
Religion
The concept of repetition in infinity and art is important to Muslims, because the contrast with man’s ______ experience on earth, in the dissolution of matter
Finite
Early aboriginal art
Culture of art from Australia, that included rock, paintings and carvings, many of which are protected in national parks, thought to be for decoration or ceremonial purposes
A distinctly Australian style of painting, a rose in the 1800s, focusing on _______
Idealized landscapes in plain air painting
The main theme of aboriginal art included…
Working and conquering the land, the Australian outback, and the rural pioneer
Latin American art
Culture of art that is a blend of three cultures: Indian, African, and European. During colonial times, art was usually religious and resembled European artwork.
One important breakthrough in Latin American art began in the 1920s it was called ______
Muralism
Muralism
Important artistic movement that begin in the 1920s, where hundreds of murals were painted and public spaces with sociopolitical messages, ideas of identity, and a unifying theme
European art
Culture of art, characterized by both secular and religious artwork. Academy trained artists were trained in methods, anatomy, and materials. As an attempt to elevate art from craft to fine art.
Early colonial art
Culture of art that was based in European traditions were artists, mainly painted portraits and landscapes to express patriotism after the American Revolution subjects were often pioneer soldiers and sailors
After the American revolution brought a demand of patriotic artwork artists began to document ____ America
Rural
In North American art, European influence gave rise to the _____ art scene
Abstract
Prehistoric art
Culture of art that was produced in preliterate times, and consisted of petroglyphs , cave paintings, and sculptures, and carvings in bone
Petroglyph
Rock carving
Prehistoric humans made art to _____
Express ideas and represent their beliefs and surroundings visually
In prehistoric art, common motifs include…
Animals, humans, tools, maps, and symbols
The Venus of Wellendorf is one of the earliest examples of a ____
Female nude
Paleolithic art
Culture of art during the Stone Age, where artists used animal, fat, rock, earth, water, blood, and charcoal to create cave paintings
Egyptian art
Culture of art, that consisted of painting, sculpture, and jewelry from 3000 BC to 30 A.D. in ancient Egypt. Most of the art found during this time were in monuments and tombs.
In Egyptian art, artwork is mostly_______
Formal
In Egyptian art, stone statues are _____, whereas wood figures are more _____
Rigid, expressive
In Egyptian art, statues were used as a conduit for people to interact with their ______
Gods
Ka statue
A type of ancient Egyptian statue intended to provide arresting place for a persons, life force after they have died
Much of the artwork in ancient Egypt, was not meant to be seen, as it emphasized _____
Life after death
The ______ was a revival of classical learning during the 14th, 15th, and 16th century in Europe
Renaissance
Renaissance artist sought to capture the value of individual in the beauty of the ______
Natural world
The renaissance was partly driven by ________ (philosophy)
Humanism
Humanism is a philosophy that attached importance, and worth to the ______
Individual
Baroque art
Art movement that dominated Europe in the 17th century, and 18th century, promoted by the Catholic Church. Characterized by a dramatic sense of movement, high contrast, and overly ornate style.
Baroque art art, strive to counter, the rationality and simplicity of the Renaissance style, and inspire _____
Awe
The Baroque art style Is characterized by exaggerated ______ and attention to detail, to enhance a sense of drama and grandeur
Motion
Chiascuro
The use of strongly contrasting tones of light and dark to enhance the illusion of three dimensionality, typically in a dramatic, high contrast scene. Often used in Baroque art
Tenebrism
A compositional technique, in which some areas of the painting are kept completely black, allowing other areas to be strongly illuminated, usually from a single source of light. Used only to obtain a dramatic impact, and create a spotlight on the subject.
Baroque artists, departed from the Renaissance by showing intense _________ and movement, in their work, rather than tranquil scenes and expressions
Emotion
The classical art period began in ______
Greece
The ancient Greeks used art to express, noble ideas and emotions by highlighting the great accomplishments of _______
Man
The ancient Romans use their artwork more _____, rather than for lofty ideals, like the Greeks
Aesthetic and decoration
The medieval art period can be separated into…
Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic
Byzantine art favored _______ over realism
Symbolism
Byzantine is heavily, stylized, and subject matter included imperial and ______ subjects
Religious
Roman ask painters created ______ and used in encaustic on panels
Frescoes
Gothic art beginning in Paris and spread throughout Europe, with its greatest contribution being the _______ in elaborate architecture with or decoration
Cathedral
Painting during the Gothic period included, animated figures in expressions, painted ________ in relation to their backgrounds
Small
Mannerism
 style of art and architecture that was a reaction to the high Renaissance, near the end of the renaissance (1520s) and start of the baroque era (1590s)
Mannerism, derived from the scientific discovery, that the earth revolves around the sun, which means that man was not the ______ of the universe
Center
Mannerism, focused more on _____ technique, and the meaning of the subject
style
Mannerist paintings are characterized by…
Elongated limbs, small heads, and dramatic/unnatural poses. Departed from linear perspective in depth as a rejection of renaissance art. Experimented with form, portrayed motion, and used bright, unusual colors.
The painters such as ______ and _______ posed subjects, unnaturally, unused, lighting sources that seem to come from the figures or an unseen source
El Greco, Tintoretto
Sfumato
Painting technique, pioneer by Leonardo da Vinci, would use subtle gradations to create a smoky look
Neoclassicism
Art movement that occurred during the late 18th and 19th centuries that was an attempt to revive the classical Greek style and depart from the ornate baroque style. Artist portrayed, moral narratives of ethical superiority, returning to classical subjects in motif from Greek and Roman art.
Neo classical artwork was serious, stoic, _____
Heroic
Neoclassic artwork is characterized by…
Somber colors, shallow, space, balance, clarity, restraint, and smooth paint surfaces with no visible brush strokes
The neoclassical movement coincided, and was informed by the age of _____
Enlightenment,
Romanticism
19th century artist movement that began in 1770 and appeal to emotion rather than reason
Romantic art emphasized…
Emotion such as tear, awe, apprehension, and nature triumph over man through disaster and natural catastrophe
Realism
Our movement that begin in France and the 1850s that aim to visual accuracy, ordinary scenes, and truth
Realistic painters attempted to depict people from…
All walks of life as to treat them with equal seriousness
The realism movement is thought to be the first ______ art movement, because artists rejected traditions and expanded the definition of what is considered art. Art started examining politics, culture, and economic structures in society.
Modern
Post impressionism
French art movement from 1886 to 1905 that sought to explore the emotional response of the artist in depart from the naturalism of impressionism through bold, random colors, distorted forms, and sometimes heavy outlines. Example Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin, Paul cezanne.
Paul cezanne is known as the ____
Father of post impressionism
Paul cezanne sought to reduce nature to ____ and find new ways of modeling space and volume
Geometric shapes
Fauvism
Art movement from 1905 to 1908 I filed the post impression is a movement and emphasize strong, unusual colors, flatness of the canvas, and individual expression over naturalistic representation. Color equals mood.
The leaders of the fauvism movement were…
Henry Matisse, and Andrew Durain
Expressionism
Art movement that begin in Germany and spend from 1905 to 1920, where artist use, strong colors and distorted forms to express their feelings and their art. Artwork came from within the artist, rather than being copied from their observations of the natural world.
Expressionist art is characterized by.…
Swirling, exaggerated breast strokes that sought to evoke an emotional response. Unusual, unnatural colors, and distorted form.
Cubism
In early 20th century art movement in which several viewpoints are shown simultaneously and simple geometric shapes are interlocking planes are used to construct a scene. Begin in 1907 it ended in 1915.
Pablo, Picasso and Georges braque pioneered the ______ movement
Cubist
Cubist artists were partly inspired by…
The 3-D representation in artwork by Paul cezanne
Futurism
In early 20th century that began in Italy in 1909 the emphasized movement, technology, speed, and violence. Praise, originality, technology, over nature, war, and nationalism.
Futuristic artist, characterized by…
Objects, such as cars, airplanes, and industrial elements. Urban scene, such as riots and construction in the city.
Constructivism
Russian abstract, art and architecture movement that began in the 1910s that consist of constructing dynamic 3-D forms from plastic, wood, glass, or iron influenced by cubism
Constructivism started with Vladimir Tatlin, who was influenced by _____ and wanted to do the same by making abstracted still life out of scrap metals
Picasso’s Cubist construction
De stijl
Dutch art movement that began in 1917 that means “the style”. Also called neoplasticism, promoted the reduction of artwork into geometric shapes, lines, and primary colors.
De stijl artists attempted to turn their style into a ___ form of expression, departing from individual expression
Universal
_____ was a de stijl Dutch painter, who sought to create pure abstractions with horizontal and vertical lines, and reduce artwork to its most basic elements, to represent the essence of the energy and forces of nature
Piet Mondrian
Pure abstraction plus minimal primary color palette equals
Universal harmony in the art world
Dadaism
In our movement that begin in 1915 in Zürich, Germany, Paris, and New York, that was a reaction of discussed and revolt to the whores of World War I. Anti-bourgeoisie to depart from traditional values of art and create a new kind of art. Anti-art.
Dada techniques include…
Ready maids, which were premade objects that were presented as art, and photomontages, which created by cutting and pasting images, printed in the press and reassembling them
Surrealism
Art movement that begin in France in the 1920s that included paintings of strange, Dreamlight, and unnerving scenes with realistic accuracy. Heavily inspired by Freud in theories of sexuality, fantasy, and dreams.
Surrealism sought to express unconscious thoughts in resolve contradictions between…
Reality and dreams
Abstract expressionism
Art style from the 1940s and 50s were artist sought total freedom of expression, they shared an outlook rather than a specific style, also called the New York school, because it was centered in New York
Abstract expressionists were inspired by…
The surrealist idea of expressing the subconscious in artwork
Abstract expressionist art is characterized by…
Combining colorful, painting, and action, painting, with other techniques
Color field painting
Abstract, expressionist, painting technique that uses solid areas, color fields, on a large scale that extends the edges of the canvas suggest that the colors continue to infinity and envelope the viewer ex mark Rothko
Action painting
Abstract, expressionist, painting technique that includes dribbling, splashing, and dripping, paint onto a canvas, using gestures and movements, while emphasizing the unconscious example Jackson Pollock
Jackson Pollak saw the drips and splatters in his work, not as random paint, but as ______ to harness the capabilities of his unconscious
Balance of chaos and control
Pop art
British and American art movement in the 1960s that used items from popular culture and incorporated them into artwork. Inspired by the ready maids of Dadaism and was against the disengagement of abstract expressionism
Pop art celebrated…
Popular culture and consumer items through bright, flat colors from advertising and imagery from comic books
Pop art was a _____ from abstract expressionism
Response and departure
Postmodernism
Imitate 20th century art movement, that departed from the modernism, that rejected the authority of previous art movement. Skeptical, and anti-authoritarian. “Anything goes “, confrontational, tongue in cheek and humorous.
The Ashcan school
A group of American realist painters who decided to portray urban life in New York in a true to life fashion. Not an organized movement, but rather a collective desire to portray modern life in a new way.
Painters at the Ashcan school believed that _____ people were a worthy, artistic, subject matter, and wanted to portray them in an authentic way
Poor and working class
Artwork created by the ashcan school can be characterized as having a…
Dark palette, sketchy quality, visible brush work to show scenes of every day, modern life in New York city
The Hudson River school
A mid 19th century American art movement that included landscape painters intent on painting in a romantic style. Painters depicted the Hudson River valley and surrounding areas that were detailed and somewhat idealized.
Themes reflected in artworks created by the Hudson River schools were…
Exploration, discovery, and settlement people in nature. Nature equals discovering God.
The Hudson River school was the first native art move ______, founded by Thomas Cole, and succeeded by Albert Bierstadt
America
Folk art
The art of peasants, or a native culture. Characterized by simple or naïve subject matter. Utilitarian and decorative in purpose. Example, pottery, jewelry, costumes, sculpture, paintings.
Folk art is not influenced by other art movements, styles, and will not include the work of ______ because it’s focused on expressing community values and cultural identity
Professional artists
Outsider art
Also called naïve art. Artwork created by untrained artist who learned their craft and methods on their own. Not part of an artistic establishment, can include the mentally ill and rule artists.
Op art
Art movement in the 1960s that used geometric forms to create visual effects and optical illusions. Abstract and nonrepresentational. Many works were in black-and-white.
Op artists wanted to explore…
How are vision works and how the planes and ground can work with/against each other. How colors can produce different effects on the viewers eye.
Op art can be characterized by…
Creating a feeling of movement, vibration, hidden images, and swelling in the artwork
Art deco
Art and architecture movement that began in Paris and the 1920s became a major style in 1930s America and Western Europe. Was used during the roaring 20s, the great depression. Lots of posters. Meant to be pleasing to the eye and improve the style of mass produced objects.
Art deco style can be characterized by…
Elegant forms, symmetry, geometric, shapes, hard, smooth lines, and bright, vibrant colors
Art deco was influenced by form movements, which were…
Cubism (geometric shapes)
Futurism (industrial flare)
Constructivism (industrial flare)
Fauvism (bright colors)
Art Nouveau
A decorative style of art, focused on linear contours, muted, limited colors, such as blue, green, yellow, and brown. Saw too distant itself from historical styles and challenge a hierarchy of fine arts over decorative arts. Popular between 1890 and 1910
Art, nouveau artists wanted to revive…
Good craftsmanship and elevate the statue of crafts. Also skillfully create new, modern designs that didn’t rely on past designs.
